Health and Safety Essay

Potential for falling objects – The employer or employee must make sure that all items of equipment, materials and tools that are not in use must be stored/stacked correctly and securely. Otherwise, there is a potential that the item/item may fall and injure a person. .Sharp edges and trailing leads – Sharp edges must be rounded off to make sure that a person does not band a part of their body on them and trailing leads should be wrapped in something protective to bunch them together, and to make sure they are out of the way. .Evacuation assembly areas – This is a designated area for staff and other members to meet. We have these to round up people away from the fire to ensure the safety of everyone. Employers must train their staff about a fire evacuation, making sure they know which point on the premises to go to. .Site building works – From time to time, employees may find themselves having to enter certain areas which may be hazardous, having to come into contact with hazardous substances or having to be exposed to noisy areas. It is the employers that should ensure that any building work is kept separate from employees but in certain circumstances, all care must be taken to make sure employees are kept safe in their working environment. .Off-site work – Any risks that are connected with off-site work must be assessed before the work takes place. These risks are highlighted and controlled in a similar way as to how they would be in the workplace. Employees and individuals involved in off-site working must be provided with the correct training and must be given the right information about health and safety working. .Organic infestation – When organic pests arrive in the workplace, they can present infection hazards, be offensive, contaminate food, create damage to materials and structures and also, can be an annoyance to employees. Employers have a duty to ensure that there is an efficient management of organic pests, otherwise things may escalate. But also, employees have a responsibility to report any sightings of pests or to bring up evidence of their existence to the suitable person. .Vermin infestation – Vermin infestation can cause some serious problems in the workplace. This can include: damage to equipment, damage to electrical supplies, and contamination of any water supplies and also the threat of having disease from droppings or urine. Employers must make sure that they carry out risk assessments and employees must make sure that they report any sightings of rat/mice activity. Infestations can be prevented by having good workplace hygiene, which involves regular housekeeping, (vacuuming, cleaning carpets and fabrics thoroughly). .Dampness and Mould – When dampness and mould arises, it can cause numerous health issues and problems for the employees who work there. They may suffer from allergies and cold-like symptoms, which includes sneezing and irritable eyes. Damp problems can also cause serious respiratory problems for employees. It is the employer’s duty to keep his staff happy and healthy, and so to stick with this, they should ensure that they can do all they can to prevent it. Ways which consist of: drying up any condensation around the workplace within 48 hours, install proper ventilation and ensuring that cold surfaces are properly insulted. .Materials and Waste disposal – Some employees may come into contact with materials which could be hazardous to their health. If this isn’t dealt with properly, these can result in injury or even death. Employers must certify that they minimise the risks to their workers that are exposed to these materials. As well as this, managers have a duty to make sure that hazardous waste is accurately recognized at certain stages of production and that appropriate measures are taken to protect the health of the surrounding people. .Hygiene facilities – There are general welfare requirements for staff and employers must ensure that certain minimum levels of hygiene facilities are provided in the workplace. Types of washing facilities depend on the nature of what type of working business it is. The area in which staff can wash must be in an easy, accessible place. They must be hygienic, well lit and ventilate. Hot soap and water must be provided and either hand towels and electric hand dryers. Also, men and women should have separate facilities. .Disabled access and toilet facilities – Employers have a duty to ensure that if they do employer a person who is disabled to come and work for them, that there is sufficient disabled washing facilities and toilet facilities. The facilities should have: drop down hand and also support rails, emergency pull cords, accessible wash basins, soap dispensers, toilet paper and paper towels. .Food preparation areas – In any type of food preparation are, there must be strict rules and regulations laid down by the employer to prevent food from being contaminated. As well as this, it is their responsibility to make sure that their employees and staff aren’t a risk to food safety. This is where employers need to focus on 4 main areas to ensure health and safety: keeping the area clean, reporting any illnesses, clothing and personal cleanliness/hygiene. .Pest control – Employers must do a number of things to control pests. A few of them being: securing buildings to prevent them from entering, setting and maintain poisons and traps to kill them, spraying insecticides to kill pests and installing ultraviolet insect killers. .Noise and atmospheric pollution – This can be a serious issue to workers and employers have a duty to reduce any noise pollution that might lead to damage to the ears. The Control of Noise at Work Regulations applies to any workers who are exposed to noises over 85 decibels or more in the workplace. Long-lasting exposure to this amount of noise will damage an employees hearing. In addition to controlling noise pollution, employers must ensure that their workers aren’t exposed to atmospheric pollution. This is known as air pollution. Atmospheric pollution is any particulate matter present in the air that has the potential to damage someone’s health. This includes: dust, fumes and gases. Any health condition that is caused by atmospheric pollution has the potential to be very fatal for the people in the workplace. Employers have a legal responsibility to make sure that risk assessments are carried out. Suitable and efficient provision must be provided to ensure that every workspace is ventilated by a quantity of fresh or even purified air. .Temperature and ventilation – Temperature in work areas should provide reasonable comfort without the need for certain types of clothing. If the temperature is too hot or cold, steps should be taken to achieve a reasonable temperature which is close to comfortable. If employees, staff or any sort of worker is exposed to temperatures that are too high or low, the employer must make provision to make sure that their workers are as comfortable as possible. As well as temperature control, workplaces must ensure that there is some form of ventilation. This gives workers the opportunity to breathe fresh, clean air when they are working. Windows can be one from of ventilation and another could be properly installed mechanical systems. Both of which provide ventilation for workers. Ventilation systems which are provided in the workplace should remove and dilute, warm, humid air which can sometimes be uncomfortable to work in. .Equipment – Maintenance of a safe working environment ranges from having safe equipment and warning signs to help protect workers from being harmed. .Safety guards – The guarding of dangerous machinery has been a legal requirement for many years under the Health and Safety at Work act 1974. Employers must make sure that dangerous machinery that is being used by the workers are trained and the appropriate person for the job. .Warning signs and sound signals – One of the most common safety features in the workplace are warning signs which are used to alert employees and workers to the potential risks or dangers that are around them. Also, warning signs may instruct employees on what to do if an emergency occurred. Certain signs such as fire exits must be able to light up in the case of an emergency and they must also be fitted with audible alarms. Training must be provided to every employee so that they understand the information or directions being conveyed by any warning signs in their workplace. Another point is, is that the general safety requirements for staff in the workplace is that all workers should be aware of any sound signals that the company uses if there is ever an emergency situation. These sound signals are classed as safety signs and staff should make sure that they know what to do if one of these goes off. Staff and workers should be trained to know what each and every sound signal means in case of an emergency and also to know what they have to do in the event of hearing it go off. .Maintenance frequency – A lot of accidents that that happen in the workplace are due to faulty or poorly maintained work equipment. Employers have a duty to make sure that all of their equipment is maintained and in good shape. They should also ensure that the maintenance log is kept up to date showing when the machinery and equipment was last inspected/serviced. The maintenance frequency of workplace machinery and equipment depends on numerous factors, such as the working limits and maximum use of equipment, how it is used and the risk to safety of malfunction. .Protective clothing – Several job roles require staff and workers to wear protective clothing. This can make the job that they have much easier, can prevent them from getting an injury and can even save lives. Gloves, helmets, footwear, face masks, chemical suits, high-visibility vests and eye protectors all come under types of PPE. It is the employer’s responsibility to ensure that their workers and employees have PPE provided and that it also matches the potential hazards. They must also ensure that employees know why they must wear their PPE and that it must be worn correctly. .Accessible emergency exits – As a part of their emergency risk assessment, employers must take into consideration whether, in the event of an emergency, like a fire that is taking place, all individuals that are in the workplace could leave in a safe manner and reach a safe destination. So for this, they must provide safe and accessible fire exits. These fire exits must be clearly signposted with signs that light up and that are alarmed. .Fire extinguishers or sprinkler systems – In the workplace, employers must make sure that they provide the means for staff to treat small fires. The number of fire extinguishers that are required within a business, all depends on how large or small that business is. Typically, extinguishers are sited next to potential fire risks, such as heaters or a computer, and they are also close to exit doors and stairways. Also, extinguishers must be evidently signed and labelled. There are five main types of extinguisher, and these are: water, foam, CO2, powder and wet chemical. Employers must make sure that they train their staff and workers to know which type of extinguisher to use on a fire and so that they also know how to work them properly. A much more effective way of dealing with fires that occur in the workplace, is the installation of a water sprinkler system. These work by a fire activating them and water is then fed from the water supply and puts out the fire. These sprinkler systems are seen as a safer way of putting out a fire and also much more effective.

The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 26

Weathering the Relative Squalor When I ask to see Jake's wedding pictures, my mother plays dumb. â€Å"What wedding pictures?† she asks. But when I tell her I have met Caitlin – that we had lunch together and I have already accepted my sister-in-law's existence as fact – my mother looks relieved and says, â€Å"Well then, I guess I can hang up the wedding photos again.† She leaves me sitting in the living room by the fireplace. When she returns, she hands me a heavy photo album bound in white leather and begins to stand large frames up on the mantel – pictures of Jake and Caitlin previously hidden for my benefit. As I flip through the pages of my brother's wedding album, Mom also hangs up a few portraits of Jake and Caitlin on the walls. â€Å"It was a beautiful day, Pat. We all wished you were there.† The massive cathedral and the plush reception hall suggest that Caitlin's family must have what Danny calls â€Å"mad cheddar,† so I ask what Caitlin's father does for a living. â€Å"For years he was a violinist for the New York Philharmonic, but now he teaches at Juilliard. Music theory. Whatever that means.† Mom has finished hanging the framed pictures, and she sits next to me on the couch. â€Å"Caitlin's parents are nice people, but they're not really our kind of people, which became painfully obvious during the reception. How do I look in the pictures?† In the photos, my mother wears a chocolate brown dress and a bloodred sash over naked shoulders. Her lipstick matches the sash perfectly, but it looks as if she has on too much eye makeup, making her look sort of like a raccoon. On the plus side, her hair is in what Nikki used to call â€Å"a classic updo† and looks pretty good, so I tell Mom she photographs well, which makes her smile. Tension occupies my father's face; he does not look comfortable in any of the pictures, so I ask if he approves of Caitlin. â€Å"She's from a different world as far as your father's concerned, and he did not enjoy interacting with her parents – at all – but he's happy for Jake, in his own non-expressive way,† Mom says. â€Å"He understands that Caitlin makes your brother happy.† This gets me thinking about how strange my father was at my own wedding, refusing to speak to anyone unless he was spoken to first and then answering everyone with monosyllabic responses. I remember being mad at my father during the rehearsal dinner because he would not even look at Nikki, let alone interact with her family. I remember my mother and brother telling me that Dad did not deal well with change, but their explanation meant nothing to me until the next day. Halfway through the Mass, the priest asked the congregation if they would hold Nikki and me up in their prayers, and as instructed, we turned to face the response. I instinctively looked toward my parents, curious to see if my father would say the words â€Å"we will† like he was supposed to, chanting along with everyone else, and this is when I saw him wiping his eyes with a tissue and biting down on his lower lip. His whole body was trembling slightly, as if he were an old man. It was the strangest sight, my father crying during a wedding that had seemed to make him so annoyed. The very man who never showed any emotions other than anger was crying. I kept staring at my father, and when it became obvious that I was not going to turn back toward the priest, Jake – who was my best man – had to give me a little nudge to break the spell. Sitting on the couch with my mother, I ask her, â€Å"When were Caitlin and Jake married?† My mother looks at me strangely. She doesn't want to mention the date. â€Å"I know it happened when I was in the bad place, and I also know that I was in the bad place for years. I've accepted that much.† â€Å"Are you sure you really want to know the date?† â€Å"I can handle it, Mom.† She looks at me for a second, trying to decide what to do, and then says, â€Å"The summer of 2004. August seventh. They've been married for just over two years now.† â€Å"Who paid for the wedding photos?† My mother laughs. â€Å"Are you kidding me? Your father and I never could have afforded that fancy sort of wedding album. Caitlin's parents were very generous, putting together the album for us and allowing us to blow up whatever photos we wanted and – â€Å" â€Å"Did they give you the negatives?† â€Å"Why would they give us – â€Å" She must see the look on my face, because Mom stops speaking immediately. â€Å"Then how did you replace the photos after that burglar came and stole all the framed photos in the house?† Mother is thinking how best to answer as I wait for her response; she begins chewing on the inside of her cheek the way she sometimes does when she is anxious. After a second, she calmly says, â€Å"I called up Caitlin's mother, told her about the burglary, and she had copies made that very week.† â€Å"Then how do you explain these?† I say just before pulling framed wedding pictures of Nikki and me out from behind the pillow at the far end of the love seat. When my mother says nothing, I stand and return my wedding picture to its rightful place on the mantel. Then on the wall by the front window I rehang the picture of my immediate family gathered around Nikki in her wedding dress – her white train spilling out across the grass toward the camera. â€Å"I found the ‘Pat' box, Mom. If you really hate Nikki so much, just tell me, and I'll hang the pictures up in the attic, where I sleep.† Mom doesn't say anything. â€Å"Do you hate Nikki? And if so, why?† My mother will not look at me. She's running her hands through her hair. â€Å"Why did you lie to me? What else have you lied about?† â€Å"I'm sorry, Pat. But I lied to †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Mom does not tell me why she lied; instead she starts to cry again. For a very long time, I look out the window and stare at the neighbors' house across the street. Part of me wants to comfort my mother – to sit down next to her and throw an arm over her shoulders, especially since I know my father has not talked to her in more than a week and is happily eating takeout three times a day, doing his own laundry, and weathering the relative squalor. I have caught Mom cleaning here and there, and I know she is a little upset about her plan not working out like she hoped it would. But I am also mad at my mother for lying to me, and even though I am practicing being kind rather than right, I can't find it in me to comfort her right now. Finally I leave Mom crying on the couch. I change, and when I go outside for a run, Tiffany is waiting.

Adaptive Or Active Suspension System Engineering Essay

Adaptive Or Active Suspension System Engineering Essay What is the use of a suspension system. Its main task is to provide a safe and stable ride for the vehicle. The components are usually passive force elements as they provide a nice trade-off between wear, stability and comfort. Suspension system dampens the shocks and does not allow the jerks to be transmitted to the human body. By selecting the right spring and damper properties, the suspension functions as a barrier to the jerks and only passes those frequencies which come in comfortable range for humans. But at the same time the wheel load variation must be minimum as we need contact of tire with road at all times. A system of links connects the un-sprung mass (wheel, brake, steering hub) to the sprung mass (car body). However there is a trade off at the cornering, as the spring should be stiff enough to avoid over roll of the body. Sometimes an anti-roll bar is used to overcome the exaggerated roll due to damping in corners. However the stiffness of the roll bar is not independe nt as we cannot transmit vibrations of one wheel to the other. The traditional suspension will tilt the tire while cornering. This is because the linkage rotates and the tire connected to it also rotates. This causes the area of contact of the tire to reduce while cornering or turning. This results in the loss of grip and massive body roll of the vehicle. In case of cornering the requirement usually is to get a so-called counter camber. The negative camber angle will cause a favorable deformation of the contact patch, which in combination with the unfavorable deformation due to the cornering forces will lead to a desirable contact patch between the tire and the road. Examples of today’s suspension systems which provide a negative camber are the double wish-bone and the McPherson suspension system. Non-zero static camber can also improve the cornering and bump control of the vehicle. Active Suspension system An active suspension system can prevent suspension travel under a var ying load, theoretically without consuming energy. That is why it is very suitable for leveling car during accelerating, braking and cornering, or for taking care of static load variations. And as these systems are computer-aided, there mathematical models can be fed to a controller to level the car or to improve the comfort level. Design and Working While cornering the average force per suspension strut varies from the static value and its length remains equal as to eliminate body roll. By using the principle of a lever, the varying load can be counter-balanced by a constant force by varying distance from the fulcrum. This system perfectly eliminates body roll and the system would not rotate. Because all relevant forces are perpendicular to the direction of adjustment of the fulcrum and constant force, the adjustment will not cost any energy. A possible application of this principle is shown below: The pre-tensioned secondary spring (inner one) is maximally assisting the primary sp ring (outer one). Initially, the adjustable arms are positioned at an angle of 90Â ° with respect to the position in figure above in order to not produce any torque around the fulcrum. Fulcrum here is the hollow hole on the right side which will get attached to the chassis of the vehicle. This type of system is called a trailing arm suspension system.

The Use of Humor in I Claudius Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Use of Humor in I Claudius - Essay Example There is a significant taste of originality that surrounds the complex relationship among characters in the narration. The unimaginable betrayal that overrides the true identity of some characters offers humor to the audience, obviously, a poor taste of humor nonetheless captivates in understanding the story. The case of Tiberius who had faith in Sejanus who exhibit mean character sums up to a humorous end and the effect is that it subverts the attention of the narrator towards rhetoric concepts. The intertwining conspiracies and proof of suspicion among major characters can be attributed to institutional changes. In the first place, the author confesses that Claudius himself writes the book but uses such a ploy to keep the audience yearning to hear something. Since ordinary citizenry could not accept that Claudius is the man under question, the unusual ending of the biography that emphasizes leadership styles that Marvel everyone. How could one write a book and finally tell the authors that the entire work is a personal experience? This is the first aspect of intrigue that leaves the audience wondering about the overall intention of the narrator. Since literature is the mirror in which the character of an individual is reflected, humor diffuses the contentious part of it. Humor also helps in breaking the monotony of the series of murders that characterize the power wrangles in which Claudius takes a central role. In essence, this work is composed of several literary tools that underlie the aggregate composition.

The role of National Training Awards in Terms of Improving Employee Essay

The role of National Training Awards in Terms of Improving Employee Development in the Current Political, Economic, Social and Technical Environment - Essay Example As the discussion stresses the NTAs accept competitors from all divisions, industries and regions across the UK and provide with an exclusive opportunity to have individual’s training appraised against the best in the UK. Department for Education and Science has established NTA in 1987 which has been independently administered by U.K. Skills and advocated as the training sector’s adaptation of Oscars. This body merged with People’s Training Awards to establish a single display for training eminence. Games of the XXX Olympiad or 2012 Summer Olympic Games, London will watch the high demand in sophisticated mechanical skills. New opportunities will open up and every major sector will require skill.   These new opportunities and skills will help U.K. to compete with the developing economies like India and China. The main issue of this case study is how NTA helps in improving employee development in the current political, economic, social and technical environment. We will be going through the core aspects of NTA and cite examples to show the achievements and benefits of NTA.   From this paper it is clear that recently certain initiatives have been taken by the donors like the European Social Fund (ESF) and the University for Industry (UfI) who has recognized training and development of retail sector as a primary aim in terms of enhancing economic affluence, competitiveness and employment. In a case study of Thorn Lighting Limited, the main point of discussion was the Spennymoor enterprise in UK, whose objective was to supply the quality products at a minimum cost provided to satisfy customers’ needs. The enterprise hired above one thousand workforces and since 1989 has gone through changes in organizations and culture allowing doubling its share in market.

Articel summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Articel summary - Essay Example However, the article discusses other apartment buildings were tap water was not safe for drinking; and even washing. In my opinion, one apartment building cannot speak for the entire country. In order to reach a conclusive finding, the government officials should have taken into consideration 10 buildings. There are many instances where tap water in Korea has been found to be unsafe for drinking. This shows that there is a problem with tap water in Korea. Also taking another angle in perspective, we can say that the problem does not lie with the management of water in Korea. The water board is effectively managing the water because if an old building in Korea receives safe water, then the entire country receives safe water because water is coming from the same reservoir. It is within the apartment building that the problem is occurring. This study is the beginning and can form the basis for more studies in the field. A positive beginning has been recorded. Only when more research is conducted, can solutions be derived. Thus, this article records a positive step in the right direction. We can expec t improvements in the future with respect to this

The Roles of 3 Key Participants in the Property Development Process In Research Paper

The Roles of 3 Key Participants in the Property Development Process In Australia - Research Paper Example Architects, property developers, and town planners here in Australia see the true picture of international partnership developed between these three key players in property development abroad and are now trying to implement them here. Despite differences, these players are working in unison to create world-class infrastructures. "The economic and demographic opportunities arising from demand for better and competitive infrastructures have driven developers and architects to forge an alliance that has shown tremendous success in places like Amsterdam, Hong Kong, London, Melbourne, Montreal, New York, and Tokyo. As architects and property developers break boundaries together, they are also beginning to transcend an established pattern of notorious and longstanding ill will. Property development has to be market driven and certainly not product driven. The architect can creatively add great value to the developers' commercial objectives by design. By working in tandem, an architect can achieve his architectural agenda at the same time." (Property Development and Progressive Architecture - The New Alliance, www.elx.com.au, referred on 4.27.2006)1 3.0 Property Developer This paper sets out to differentiate and highlight the similarities of the role, objective, priorities, and attitude held by Developers, Architects, and Statutory Environmental/Town Planners with respect to Property Development Process. "Developers convert undeveloped, under-developed land, or existing buildings to satisfy market demands, using their entrepreneurial skills. Like all other entrepreneurs, developers expect, rightfully, to receive an appropriate rate of remuneration for their skill and risk involved in the particular development work. Sadly, a majority of property developers, who possess the genuine skill, expertise, a sound sense of social responsibility, and most of all, pride in their work, do not receive the publicity which they deserve. Peoples' real estate needs are met through the operation of various kinds of differing property markets in Australian society. These different types of markets can be categorized principally by way of location, size and usage criteria.

Adolf Hitler Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Adolf Hitler - Research Paper Example However, his rule ended following the U.S and Russia invasion that led to German defeat and unconditional surrender. After German’s defeat, Hitler committed suicide to avoid being captured and tried for crimes against humanity (Price 35). During his aggressive years, and in the quest to rule over Germany, Adolf left Vienna to settle in Munich but was coerced to return to Austria-Hungary. In the following year, he willingly joined the Bavarian army where he served during the First World War period. His war experiences influenced his thinking about the future of Germany. Following the end of world war one, Hitler took over the German Nationalist Socialist Party, which hoped, would propel him to power. He was an ambitious person who hoped to restructure and rebuild Germany following its humiliation in the First World War. In his program, Hitler aimed to build a racist German that could conquer a series of wars to expand people of German descent to the entire part of world and exclusively take control over it (Toland 51). Hitler believed that Germany had to fight wars all over the world in order to settle German people everywhere on the globe. In his quest for world domination, he started by invading Czechoslovakia, which was followed by a difficult against Britain and France. In his third war, he hoped to fight the Soviet Unions, which he thought would be easy and simple, and would offer raw materials particularly oil for the fourth war against the United States of America. Hitler assumed that the war against the United States of America would be simple because German would use super battle ships and planes that would hit the powerful U.S navy. Once he assumed power in German, all these plans and preparations were implemented but failed to bear fruits since enemies he perceived as weak and feeble fiercely repelled him. In 1938, Hitler invaded Poland and Czechoslovakia as a strategic position to attack France and

Property Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Property Law - Essay Example 4. On this account, Leo gave Sonya a cheque of ? 100,000 on his own current account and a note saying that his share of the house was hers. He gave Sharon the key to a tin box under his bed saying that the contents were for her. He gave Ben his accounts business card telling him to contact the accountant who had his entire share certificate so that he should get ownership of them, selling them and thereafter give the proceeds in equal shares to Sharon and Sonya. 5. Leos tin contained a cheque for winnings from national lotto, a set of keys to his villa in Argentina, s set of keys to his car and a bag of Argentinian money. 6. Leo recovered from his illness, however on leaving the door for his first walk, part of the roof fell on him and killed him. 7. Ben sold the shares and used the proceeds for a holiday. The Law: In particular, I rely upon the following laws and case laws. 1. Re Craven Estates (No 1) (1937) I Ch 423, HC 2. Re Beaumont (1902) 1 CH 889 3. Cain vs. Moon (1896) 2QB 283 4. Wilkes vs. Allington (1931) 2 CH 104 5. Birch vs. Treasury Solicitor (1950) 2 All ER 1198 6. Re Lilingstone Deceased (1952) All ER 184 7. Woodard vs. Woodard (1991) The Times, 18th March CA. 8. Sen vs. Headley, (1991) CH 425 9. Stock Transfer Act of 1963 10. The Wills Act of 1837 11. Agnew vs. Belfast Banking Co. (1896) 2 IR 204 12. Re Dudman (1925) 1 CH 553 Donatio Mortis Causa: 1. The gifts under this case are known as donation mortis causa. These gifts are conditional and possession take place after the death of the donor.The Wills Act of 1837 allows the issuance of such gifts.Farley (2002) notes that in the case of Re Craven Estates, the court held that a person is not allowed to dispose of his property after death under British laws but an exemption is provided for by the Wills Act of 1837 (p.45). But this principle of donation mortis causa is an exemption as provided by the same act of 1837. 2. In Re Beaumont, the court held that Donatio Mortis Causa is a singular form of gift and is amphibious nature. It is neither inter vivos nor testamentary and the recipient is entitled to the gift after the donor dies (Jackson, 1972). 3. Keeton (1968) by using the case of Cain v Moon observes that for a gift under donation mortis causa to be valid it must satisfy the following conditions, the gifts must be made in contemplation of death and not necessarily expectation (p.61). The recipient must receive the subject matter of the gift and there must be a condition that the gift reverts back to the donor in case he recovers. 4. The validity of donation mortis causa does not depend on whether the donor died of the anticipated cause, but on whether the donor actually died. In Wilkes vs. Allington, it was held that the most important issue in DMC is whether the donor actually died (Fitzgerald and Muncie, 1983). 5. Harrison (1965) observes that if a title does not pass by delivery, a DMC can be valid if there is evidence of possession of title or property which entitle s the possessor to the property given, and he cites the case of Birch v treasury solicitor, where the court held that if the gift in question is bulky, the handling to the recipient a means of accessing the gift, i.e. the key is symbolic enough to constitute delivery (p.36). THE CASE: 1. The first issue noted in the gifts given to Sonya, Sharon

Mom Is Most Influential in My Life Essay Example for Free

Mom Is Most Influential in My Life Essay People have had someone to influence them in their lifetime at some time or another, but my biggest influence in my life is my mom. I can’t but admire my mom’s strength and her wisdom. I am a strong believer in the saying â€Å"like father, â€Å"like son goes with both genders, however, I do think that this is more a result of following example rather than a result genetics. It is common knowledge that not everyone is perfect, even heroes, and in realizing this I know. Although I wish to be like my mom in most ways I do not at all. This realization may be one of the most important things I have learned, my mom has taught me to be firm in my decisions in life, not solely on the examples and actions of others but simply on what I gather and learn from the examples and actions of others. In other words, she has taught me not to follow blindly but to make my own decisions based on what I think is important. The things I have learned and continue to learn from my mom are continuous; she has taught me all of the founding principles of my life and for that I am very thankful. Read more:  Admiration speech essay My mom has an enormous influence on me because she always encourages me to do my best, taught me to be a survivor and finally mom influences me by is always helping needy. People have had someone to influence them in their lifetime at some time or another, but my biggest influence in my life is my mom. I can’t but admire my mom’s strength and her wisdom. I am a strong believer in the saying â€Å"like father, â€Å"like son goes with both genders, however, I do think that this is more a result of following example rather than a result genetics. It is common knowledge that not everyone is perfect, even heroes, and in realizing this I know. Although I wish to be like my mom in most ways I do not at all. This realization may be one of the most important things I have learned, my mom has taught me to be firm in my decisions in life, not solely on the examples and actions of others but simply on what I gather and learn from the examples and actions of others. In other words, she has taught me not to follow blindly but to make my own decisions based on what I think is important. The things I have learned and continue to learn from my mom are continuous; she has taught me all of the founding principles of my life and for that I am very thankful.

Financial Performance Review of Hup Seng Perusahaan Makanan

Financial Performance Review of Hup Seng Perusahaan Makanan REVIEW OF THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE Hup Seng Perusahaan Makanan (M) Sdn.Bhd has performed very strongly in our financial year ended 31 December, 2008. Not only the revenue has surpassed the RM200 million mark for the first time in HSIBs history, profit before tax hit a record high of RM21 million for the financial year ended 31 December, 2008 increased from preceding year corresponding period of RM6 million by a hefty RM15 million or 250%. The Groups record profit is respectable indeed, considering a challenging operating environment in which high cost pressures are the order of the day in better part of the year. By keeping close momentum with volatile movement of major material prices, the Group has promptly reacted with cost recovery exercises in February 2008 and again in June 2008 to protect the margin. Nevertheless, prices for most of the key input materials were falling from historical high towards the end of third quarter impacted by fear of global recession as a result of credit crunch. The continued efforts to enhance operating efficiency within the Group have also contributed greatly towards the bottom line of the year, best ever achieved in the Groups history. Revenue rose by 14% to RM220 million as compared with preceding year corresponding period of RM193 million amid a lower production volume. The increase was largely due to selected price adjustments necessitated by the steep increases in raw material costs. The Group has no borrowings and has a cash balance of RM21 million as at the end of the financial year. Net asset per share stood at RM2.10 and earnings per share (EPS) improved significantly from 7.9 sen in 2007 to 26.8 sen. Background Hup Seng Perusahaan Makanan (M) Sdn. Bhd., established in 1958, has been a household name synonymous with quality biscuit manufacturing. Today, it is one of Malaysias leading biscuit manufacturers with many accumulated outstanding achievements. Through continuous upgrading, our products have been honoured with numerous awards worldwide, marking important milestones for the companys history. In recognition of Hup Sengs stringent quality management system, the company was awarded the prestigious MS ISO 9002 Quality System Certification from SIRIM in 1995 and upgraded to MS ISO 9001:2000 Quality System Certification in 2003. In 2005, the Prime Minister Dato Seri Abdullah Badawi awarded Hup Seng with the Industry Product Excellence Award (Eminent Product Performance Award). Being responsible to consumers and upholding Malaysian food prestige internationally, rigorous food safety and hygienic control strategies are employed to ensure safety and hygiene of products. In mid-2007, Hup Seng was accorded with the HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points) and BRC (British Retail Consortium) Certification. This has educated consumers on food safety and hygiene and at the same time fostered their confidence in Hup Sengs products. With an international market coverage that spans Asia, Africa, Oceania, Europe and North America, Hup Sengs products have captured the hearts of consumers, young and old in many corners of the world. Henceforth, Hup Seng shall continue to upgrade, improve and reach new peaks of excellence. ACHIEVEMENT The subsidiary, Hup Seng Perusahaan Makanan (M) Sdn Bhd., was accredited with the Certification of HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) and BRC (British RetailConsortium) in Year 2008. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY The Group recognizes the importance of a corporate culture that emphasizes good corporate social responsibility. The Group is committed to play its role as a caring corporate citizen. In line with this, the Group has taken initiative in making contributions toward the local community, for instances donations to various schools and associations. In the workplace, the Group places high importance on safety, health and employees development. For example, a committee relating to workplace safety is set up to promote awareness of safety in workplace. Various sports activities were organized for healthy and balanced working lifestyle for employees besides encouraging networking and socializing between colleagues and peer. OUTLOOK AND PROSPECTS Malaysia economic expansion disappeared in fourth quarter 2008 and it barely remained above water with a negligible growth of 0.1 % that led a full year growth of 4.6% as compared to 6.3% of 2007. The slower growth was due to the worsening global economy that had caused a significant drop in the countrys exports. The global economy is getting more critical and all signs indicate deeper and prolonged recession. Any improvement will hinge on the state of development in the US and other bigger economies in the world. The countrys grossdomestic product forecast for this year has been revised downwards to between -1% and 1%, from 3.5% earlier. The management expects 2009 to be another very challenging year for the Group in view of growing global economic uncertainty. In this environment, the Groups strategy remains focused on product and service quality, flawless operation and cost control. At the same time, the Group will continue to look for ways to sustain its competitive position whil e remaining focused on operational efficiency so that satisfactory results are achieved in the coming year. FIVE-YEAR GROUP FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Financial year ended 31 December RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 Turnover 186,482 180,968 188,338 193,115 220,329 Profit After Tax 6,564 5,098 6,807 4,757 16,071 Net Earnings Per Share 11 sen 8.5 sen 11.3sen 7.9sen 26.8 sen Board of Directors Keh (Kerk) Chu Koh Keh (Kerk) Chu Koh, Malaysian aged 66, is the Chairman of the Company. He became a member of the Board of Directors on 4 October, 1991 and was appointed as the Managing Director on 3 August, 2000. Subsequently, he is redesignated as Chairman on 1 February, 2003. He was the Deputy Managing Director of Hup Seng Perusahaan Makanan (M) Sdn. Bhd. (HSPM) on 13 October, 1974 and then the Managing Director of the same on 1 April, 1977. He was appointed as the Deputy Managing Director on 21 April, 1977 and subsequently the Vice Chairman of Hup Seng Hoon Yong Brothers Sdn. Bhd. (HSHY) on 1 January, 1990. He is the brother of Kuo Choo Song and Kerk Chiew Siong, and uncle of Kerk Chian Tung, Teo Lee Teck and Kerk Kar Han. His family relationship with shareholders of HSB Group Sdn. Bhd. (major shareholder of Hup Seng Industries Berhad (HSIB)) is disclosed in page 12 of this Annual Report. He does not have any conflict of interest with the Company except for certain recurrent related party transactions of revenue or trading nature that is necessary for day-to-day operations of the Group. He has no convictions for any offences over the past 10 years. As one of the founders of H up Seng Co., he has approximately 50 years of experience in the biscuits industry. He plans the Groups strategic business development and production development which includes the installation of various production facilities in the Groups factory and heads the research and development team which researches new varieties of biscuits. He contributed in obtaining the Certification of HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) BRC (British Retail Consortium) for HSPM in year 2008, to ensure that product safety and quality are in line with global standard. He travels abroad extensively to keep abreast with the latest developments in the biscuits manufacturing industry and to assess new market prospects for the Group. Kerk Chiew Siong Kerk Chiew Siong, Malaysian aged 56, became a member of the Board of Directors on 4 October, 1991 and was appointed as an Executive Director on 3 August, 2000. His position as Executive Director was redesignated to Non-Executive Director on 1 February, 2003. On 17 August, 2006, he then became the Non-Executive Vice Chairman of the Company. He was appointed as the Director of HSPM on 12 March, 1981 and then as an Executive Director on 1 January, 1990 before being redesignated as Vice Chairman on 1 February, 2003. He was a Director of HSHY on 15 February, 1988 and then became the Deputy Managing Director of the same on 1 January, 1990 before being redesignated as Executive Director on 1 February, 2003. He is the brother of Kuo Choo Song and Keh (Kerk) Chu Koh, and uncle of Kerk Chian Tung, Teo Lee Teck and Kerk Kar Han. His family relationship with shareholders of HSB Group Sdn. Bhd. (major shareholder of   (HSIB) is disclosed in page 12 of this Annual Report. He does not have any conflict of interest with the Company except for certain recurrent related party transactions of revenue or trading nature that is necessary for day-to-day operations of the Group. He has no convictions for any offences over the past 10 years. He has more than 33 years of experience in the manufacturing and marketing of biscuits. As head of the Quality Assurance and Business Development Department, he is responsible for devising strategies for market development and researching the potentials of the Groups products in existing as well as new markets. He also ensures the Groups biscuits manufacturing quality control system meets the MS ISO9001:2000 requirements. Kuo Choo Song Kuo Choo Song, Malaysian aged 77, is the Managing Director of the Company. He became a member of the Board of Directors on 4 October, 1991 and was appointed as the Executive Chairman of the Company on 3 August, 2000. Subsequently, he is redesignated as Managing Director in HSIB on 1 February, 2003. He had been a member of the Audit Committee until 12 December, 2007. He was appointed as the Managing Director of HSPM on 13 October, 1974 and as the Chairman of the same since 1 April, 1977. He was subsequently redesignated as Vice Chairman of HSPM on 1 February, 2003. He has been the Chairman of HSHY since 21 April, 1977. He has over 50 years of experience in the biscuits industry at management and board levels. He is one of the founders of Hup Seng Co. which was established in 1958 and subsequently became HSPM in 1974. He is the elder brother of Keh (Kerk) Chu Koh and Kerk Chiew Siong, and uncle of Kerk Chian Tung, Teo Lee Teck and Kerk Kar Han. His family relationship with shareholders of HSB Group Sdn. Bhd. (major shareholder of HSIB) is disclosed in page 12 of this Annual Report. He does not have any conflict of interest with the Company except for certain recurrent related party transactions of revenue or trading nature that is necessary for day-to-day operations of the Group. He has no convictions for any offences over the past 10 years. His job responsibilities include planning the Hup Seng Groups business development programs and representing the Group at various external functions. Other are: Kerk Chian Tung  (Executive Director),  Teo Lee Teck  (Non-Executive Director), Kerk Kar Han  (Non-Executive Director), Woon Chin Chan  (Independent Non-Executive Director),  Norita Binti Jaafar  (Independent Non-Executive Director), Mazrina Binti Arifin  (Independent Non-Executive Director),  Raja Khairul Anuar Bin Raja Mokhtar  (Non-Executive Director) and Wee Hoe Soon @ Gooi Hoe Soon  (Alternate Director to Woon Chin Chan). Distribution Network Besides the domestic market, We also export our products to over 40 countries in Asia, Europe, America, Africa, Mid-Asia etc. We are proud of our record in building profitable and successful business in the most demanding and competitive of international markets. Our challenge lies in gearing to meet the future demands of the markets we serve. PRICE/EARNINGS RATIO The price/earnings ratio is a measure of the price paid for a share relative to the annual net income or profit earned by the firm per share. In year 2004, the price/earnings ratio for Hup Seng Industries Berhad is 0.13 times and increases by 0.05 times to 0.18 times in year 2005. The price/earnings ratio decreases back to 0.13 times in year 2006. However, the price/earnings ratio has been increases by 0.03 times again to 0.16 times in 2007. In year 2008, the price/earnings ratio decreases sharply by 0.12 times to 0.04 times only. A higher price/earnings ratio means that investors are paying more for each unit of net income, so the stock is more expensive compared to one with lower price/earnings ratio.   Thus, we notice that the stock in year 2008 is the cheapest where the investor will pay less for each unit of net income. PRICE/CASH FLOW RATIO Price/cash flow ratio is a measure of the markets expectations of a firms future financial health. It is calculated by dividing the companys market price by the companys operating cash flow per share in the most recent fiscal year. In year 2004, the price/cash flow ratio for Hup Seng Industries Berhad is 18.90 times. During year 2005, the price/cash flow increases by 1.65 times to 20.55 times. The ratio for 2006 is decreases by 0.95 times to 19.6 times. In year 2007, the price/cash flow ratio is 13.21 times and decreases by 3.66 times to 9.55 times in year 2008. The lower a stocks price/cash flow ratio, the better value that stock. PRICE/ BOOK VALUE RATIO The price/book value ratio is provides an assessment of how investors view the firms performance. It is calculated by dividing companys market price by the companys shareholders equity per share. Firms expected to earn high returns relative to their risk typically sell at higher price/book value ratio multiples. In year 2004, the price/book value ratio for Hup Seng Industries Berhad is 1.15 times and increases to 1.21 times by 0.06 times in year 2005. It is decrease by 0.11 times to 1.1 times in year 2006. Then, the price/book value ratio is decreases again to 0.98 times in year 2007. After that, it decreases again to 0.87 times in year 2008. The higher the ratio, the higher the premium the market is willing to pay for the company above its hard assets. PRICE/SALES RATIO The price/sales ratio is a valuation metric for stocks. It used to determine the value of a stock relative to its past performance. It may also be used to determine relative valuation of a sector or the market as a whole. It is calculated by dividing the companys market price by the companys revenue per share in the most recent fiscal year. The price/sales ratio of Hup Seng Industries Berhad for year 2004 is 8.75 times. In year 2005, it rises up to 9.79 times with increases by 1.04 times. In year 2006, it decreases by 0.41 times to 9.38 times. After that, the price/sales ratio decrease sharply by 2.54 times to 6.84 times in year 2007 and decreases again to 5.39 times in year 2008. A low price/sales ratio is usually thought to be a better investment since the investor is paying less for each unit of sales. Forecast For Year 2009 After we estimated for the growth of 7% for year 2009, we can make the forecast market value for year 2009. In year 2009, we expect that the price/earnings ratio still maintain with 0.04 times which has the same times with year 2008. As a result, the expected market value will decrease to RM1.10. Therefore, we expect the investors still paying less for each unit of net income, so the stock will become cheaper. For the price/cash flow ratio, we expect that it will decrease by 0.63 times to 8.92 times. As a result, the expected market value will decrease to RM1.10. Thus, the lower of stocks price/cash flow ratio give the better value that stock in year 2009. For the price/book value ratio, we estimate that it will decrease by 0.05 times to 0.82 times which will decrease to RM1.10 in the market value in year 2009. So we estimate that it has the lower premium that market is willing to pay for Hup Seng above its hard assets. For the price/sales ratio, we expect that it will decrease by 0. 35 times to 5.04 times. As a result, the expected market value will decrease to RM1.10. Thus, it seem that it will be a better investment opportunity in year 2009 for investors. Other Ratios Analysis Of Hup Seng Industries Berhad 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Leverage Ratios: Interest Burden 1.00 times 1.00 times 1.00 times 1.00 times 1.00 times Leverage 1.01 times 1.01 times 1.01 times 1.01 times 1.01 times Compound Leverage Factor 1.01 times 1.01 times 1.01 times 1.01 times 1.01 times Liquidity Ratios: Current Ratio 36.73 times 14.03 times 13.46 times 14.55 times 16.72 times Quick Ratio 36.73 times 14.03 times 13.46 times 14.55 times 16.72 times Cash Ratio 36.28 times 13.99 times 13.39 times 14.47 times 16.69 times Profitability Ratios: Return On Assets 9.57% 9.25% 8.59% 11.35% 13.39% Return On Equity 6.87% 6.08% 6.17% 8.32% 9.97% Profit margin 77.43% 75.74% 73.89% 79.97% 81.92% Comparison With Competitor (Hwa Tai Industries Berhad) Hwa Tai Industries Berhad is our strong competitor, so we compare our company with them through ratio analysis which are the ratio as table below: Hup Seng Industries Berhad Hwa Tai Industries Berhad (Year 2008) (Year 2008) Price/Earnings Ratio 0.04 times (1.12) times Price/Cash Flow Ratio 9.55 times (7.84) times Price/Book Value Ratio 0.87 times 1.28 times Price/Sales Ratio 5.39 times 0.33 times Since Hwa Tai Industries Berhad has net loss, so we cannot compare the price/earnings ratio of our company with it. According to statement of cash flow in Hwa Tai Industries Berhad, we notice that cash outflow is more than cash inflow which indicate negative in net cash flow. Therefore, we fail to make comparison among these two company. The higher the price/book value ratio, the higher the premium the market is willing to pay for the company above its hard assets. A low ratio may signal a good investment opportunity, so Hup Seng Industries Berhad has a better investment opportunity to investors because the ratio is only 0.87 times which is lower than Hwa Tai Industries Berhad that is 1.28 times of ratio. The price/sales ratio is one of the tools that will help investors determine which category a stock is in and help them to make an informed investment decision. The lower the price/sales ratio, the better the investment opportunity. Based on the table above, it shows that Hwa Tai Industries Berhad has a better investment opportunity to investors because it has the lower price/sales ratio than Hup Seng Industries Berhad. As a conclude, a smart investor will invest in Hup Seng Industries Berhad to earn more profit because Hup Seng Industries Berhad has high earnings per share which will give investors higher return. Besides that, Hup Seng Industries Berhad also has positive net cash flow which the cash inflow is greater than the cash outflow. As a result, the increasing of reliability of investors towards Hup Seng Industries Berhad will encourage investors to invest in this company.

Cheetahs in Zoos :: essays research papers fc

Cheetahs in Zoos   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cheetahs in captivity should be left there, not released into the wild, and on the same note cheetahs in the wild should be left there, not brought into captivity. A cheetah in a zoo that is released into the wild may not know what to do, having been cared for by people in an enclosed environment for a number of years and then suddenly thrust out into the wild and on its own may have adverse effects on the cat’s psyche, making it manic or exhibit unpredictable behaviors and endangering the wildlife already there.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cheetahs living in captivity generally live a great deal longer than those in the wild, the life span of wild cheetahs is about 8 to 10 years, as opposed to 12 to 17 years for those in captivity according to the National Zoological Park, a sure fire sign of a healthy life. Cheetahs are also relatively easy to tame, in comparison to other large cats, and very hard to assimilate into the wild once they’ve become accustom to human contact (NZP), which makes one wonder if they even want to be released in the first place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While cheetahs do live longer in captivity, they do not breed as often; Steven Hunt states that up until recently cheetahs living in captivity would only have one and occasionally two litters in their lifetime, whereas cheetahs in the wild may have up to five. In recent years, however, breeding programs in zoos have become more successful, allowing for a more robust captive population and much hope for the future of the species. By maintaining the integrity of this population, a strong gene pool can be assured while keeping hold of the prospect of future release of younger cheetahs. Since these cubs may not have been tamed and may still adapt to life in the wild with relative ease.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another problem with releasing captive cheetahs into the wild is space. According to The Cheetah Spot, the cheetah’s native habitats have been cut down to less than a quarter of what they were ten years ago. This makes release of captive cheetahs not only difficult, but possibly hazardous to cheetahs already in the wild. Do to the fact that they are mostly solitary animals, females live alone unless raising cubs and males roam with, at most, four other males (NZP). Introducing more cheetahs into an already small area may very well upset the social system of cheetahs by putting them in too much contact with each other.

A view from the bridge is set in New York City in the 1950s. :: English Literature

A view from the bridge is set in New York City in the 1950s. Arthur Miller was born October 17th 1915 in New York City. His parents were both immigrants in the United States and were originally from Sicily. Arthur’s father had a successful business but it collapsed, along with the American economy as a whole, Following the Wall Street crash, as a result, Arthur had to work as a warehouseman in order to save his fees before he was able to go to Michigan University in 1934 to study Economics and History. I think he has the same background ‘The view from the bridge’. A view from the bridge is set in New York City in the 1950s, with a Sicilian background. Sicily is the home of all the characters which is an island in Italy. The characters change from old world Sicily to new world America in the book. Sicily had been invaded a lot of times by different countries, so this made the Sicilian people develop a culture of not talking or reporting to the authority, so the people of Sicily dealt with their own problems between their communities. Sicily was a very poor country after ww2 because Italy lost the war in 1948. A view from the bridge has a theme of old world Sicily and new world America, there is a lot of masculine and famine emotion between the characters. The characters brought their culture with them from Sicily to America and one of their main rules never to broken is don’t snitch to authority, the worst crime a Sicilian can do is snitch to the authority and Sicilians either kill the person for snitching or reject the person from the Sicilian community. I think the book evolved around the Sicilian culture. Incest is another theme of the book because Rodolfo and Catherine are in love even do there cousins , Eddie began to get attracted to Catherine who was his niece and other themes in this book is obsession, desire and control. Beatrice meant a lot at first to Eddie but when he was starting to loose Catherine, Beatrice knew that Eddie is attracted to Catherine in a different way from just family love but loved her in a sexual way; I think Beatrice became jealous of Catherine because Eddie was playing more attention to Catherine and forgot all about her, I think this challenged Eddies masculinity because he wasn’t performing in bed and controlling his marriage like a masculine man should do. I think the most dramatic scenes in the play is when Eddies masculinity is challenged and the Sicilian way of life is being

Euro Disney the Failure Essay -- International Marketing Europe Theme

Walt Disney is the world leader in family entertainment and one of the most valuable brands in the world. Recently, Walt Disney has decided to open up a Disney Theme Park in Hong Kong China, which will be the first theme park in China. Since the opening of Euro Disney, the Walt Disney Company has learned to take into consideration important determinants so that their investment will not be a huge financial loss. Unfortunately, Since Disney did not research as much as they should of when deciding to open Euro Disney, this lead to one of the biggest failures for the Disney Company and is today used as an example of international marketing failures. Disney had high expectations about opening up a Disney Theme Park in France. They projected 500,000 visitors to be in the park on opening day and the result was only 20,000 visitors. According to the textbook, international corporations should research and analyze their profitability level and the market size. Many international companies need to expense their research and development because it will only lead to big financial losses. Walt Disney Company should of used a transnational approach to achieve a consistent and controlled marketing strategy. Transnational approach has three types of variables such as demographic, psychographic and behavioral. A big problem that Disney overlooked was the lack of marketing to the French people, there were more visitors from outside of France then there was in France. After realizing their turnover they starting promoting special package prices for French residents. Several fundamental points that affected the failure of Euro Disney's first 2 years were location, staffing, dining, prices and the opening of to many hotel rooms at ... ... for American companies to realize that "their way" isn't always going to work, especially in a different country with such a different culture. Their Hong Kong project seems like they are taking precaution to prevent any huge financial losses. In spite of their mistakes, Disney is still one of the most important brands in the world and is widely recognized as a successful corporation. Bibliography "Euro Disney: An American in Paris" http://www.business.bham.ac.uk/business/images/cme_resources/Users/Szmigin/euro%20isney.doc Businessweek.com. " Building a Mouse House in Hong Kong". April 11, 2002 http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/apr2002/nf20020411_4498.htm Doole, Isobel and Lowe, Robin. "International Marketing Strategy". Third Edition, Copyright, 2001. Recklies, Dagmar. " Managing Resources-Accounting Assignment". Themanager.org

Benefits of IFRS Essay

IFRS will enable US bank to compete globally; more than one hundred countries in the world are already using IFRS. This is because more than sixty percent of investors in US operate foreign stocks with foreign banks and other companies which use IFRS. Therefore, if US bank fail to switch to IFRS, transparency and comparability will reduce for US issuers and investors (Silver, 2009). Furthermore, US exchanges such as the NYSE have been gradually losing their position as the place where worldwide companies list their shares. This being the case, the US bank has been affected since foreign investors now prefer investing their wealth in other banks where the accounting standards are not as strict is in the US. To avoid losing investment opportunities and lagging behind the current developments in the field of accounting, US bank does have to switch to IFRS. Comparing the annual report of Rabobank with that of Wells Fargo bank shows how IFRS reduces financial reporting into smaller and less complicated documents. The 2009 annual report of Rabobank were complied in a 61 (Rabobank, 2010) pages document while that of Wells Fargo were documented in 196 pages (Wells Fargo, 2010). This implies that IFRS summarizes financial reporting more than thrice of the GAAP accounting standards. It is also evident from the annual reports of the two banks that IFRS provides more comprehensive historical information regarding the performance of the bank over the past five years(the case of Rabobank) while GAAP only gives the present and previous year’s figures. This makes IFRS more effective since the stakeholders, management and investors can be able to track the financial position of the bank at a glance so that which is very important for future palming (IASCF, 2009). Adopting IFRS will make reporting for most banks in US easier since it will reduce the complexities of comparing financial statements from different subsidiaries across the globe. It will also facilitate internal consistency and streamline all operations, auditing, reporting standards, training and company standards (Articles Base, 2009). For instance, Rabobank applies IFRS on its financial reporting. This has greatly improved the efficiency of the bank since it operates in more than forty countries around the world. Following the bank’s annual reports since 2004, the total net profit calculated using IFRS was higher by 15 million Euros as compared to the same when calculated with GAAP (Rabobank Nederland, 2005). This difference was majorly due to the benefits of reclassifications of interest income under IFRS. This is because under the IFRS accounting standards, several interests are no longer consolidated and this results to lesser third-party interests (Rabobank Nederland, 2005) Disincentives of adopting IFRS IFRS accounting standards are less detailed as compared to GAAP; GAAP is more complex and based on rules while IFRS is based on principles. Adoption of IFRS will reduce the quality of financial reporting because most of the rules applied for GAAP have been let-out in IFRS—while IFRS principles fit in a single two-inch thick book, GAAP standards fit in a nine-inch thick book—this indicates that the details and reporting requirements of IFRS are fewer and compressed (IASCF, 2009). Adoption of IFRS implies that banks will incur additional costs: training staff on IFRS standards and also initial conversion costs which will be paid to advisors and auditors (Articles Base, 2009). Considering the format of the annual reports of the two banks, it is evident that IFRS eliminates many items from the annual report and presents only the consolidated financial position of the bank. Information eliminated from Rabobank’s 2009 financial reports include the vision, mission and goals of the organization, financial reviews, the report from independent registered public accounting firm and reports on stock performances; however this information is provided in Wells Fargo 2009 annual report.

American Government Essay

The Supreme Court case Loving v. Virginia (1967) resulted in the striking down of state laws that prohibited whites and African Americans from marrying. Mildred Loving, one of the parties in the case, issued a statement on the fortieth-anniversary of her case in which she urged that same-sex couples be allowed to marry. Q. Are the two issues—laws prohibiting interracial marriage and laws prohibiting same-sex marriage—similar? Why or why not? I believe laws prohibiting interracial marriage and laws prohibiting same-sex marriage are similar. Marriage is a unique bond between a man and a woman, who agree to live together and fulfill each others moral and physical demands. However, such a bondage between a woman and a woman or a man and a man would be against nature. This is a widely accepted notion. In the Loving v. Virginia case, the judge believed when God created different races and placed them on separate continents. Men should not interfere with His arrangements and should not pursue interracial relationships. However, the ACLU filed a motion on behalf of the Lovings that Racial Integrity Act 1924 and Statutes preventing marriages solely on the basis of classification violates The Equal Protection and Due Process clauses of the 14th amendment. This case holds its significance as it redefined what constituted a marriage. Some proponents of gay rights have cited this case in support of a right to marriage. Although opponents argue that this is not viable as the ‘Loving’ marriage was still between a man and a woman. In the United States, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, Americans considered the freedom to choose a marriage partner a fundamental right. The idea that government could interfere with that choice is unthinkable. The case is also significant because it is about how the United States defined marriage. Before 1967, a legal marriage could not be contracted in states with anti-miscegenation laws if the partners were of different races. Thus the case redefined what constituted a marriage. Some proponents of gay rights have cited this case in support of a right to marriage, although opponents argue that this is not viable as the ‘Loving’ marriage was still between a man and a woman. Randall Kennedy’s â€Å"Interracial Intimacies,† saw that opponents’ arguments against interracial relationships mirrored those of gay  righ ts opponents. In Loving, Virginia’s Supreme Court justified a ban on interracial marriages by citing religious beliefs. Others argued against it on the grounds that it violated natural order, same is the case with same-sex marriages. the American Psychiatric Association considered homosexuality a psychological disorder until 1973. Marriages are sought majorly as a foundation for having children, the relation to procreation is different in gay relationships. The live-and-let-live phenomenon practiced by most Americans doesn’t apply to this spectrum, as it didn’t apply to interracial marriages before 1967. Majority of the Americans are against it from both the political spheres. President Clinton, during his reign signed the defense of marriage act, which refuses to recognize gay marriages, despite his election platform for gay rights. Also, the lynching of Matthew Shepard in 1998 revealed that homosexuality triggered the same kind of violence and fear that was generated in the past by black-white sexual relations. Plus, a similar inversion of family values appears in opponents’ arguments against gay marriage and in the historical argument against interracial sex. Casual sex is more tolerable than sex that involved meaning, this stood true for interracial non-marriage relationships and again the same holds true for gays today. However, according to Colin Powell, the analogy of gays to race is wrong, explaining that race is a status and sexual orientation is a behavior. Similar arguments against same-sex and interracial relationships appear in regards to children. There was once total opposition to couples adopting children of different races, and there is still weight placed against allowing a white couple to adopt a black child, he said, because of societal pressures. The National Association for Black Social Workers has said such cases may result in black children having â€Å"white minds.† Similarly, fears abound that adopted children whose parents are gay will be more subject to prejudice, or the child will â€Å"have confusion over their sexual orientation†¦or worse, they’ll end up being gay.†

Consider the dramatic significance of Act 1, Scene 5 Essay

William Shakespeare introduces the story of Romeo and Juliet by using a prologue. The function of the prologue is to explain the situation, setting the scene in Verona and the quarrel between the families is old, ‘ancient grudge’. The prologue informs the audience that the lovers are ‘star-cross’d’ and that their death ends the feud between the families; the prologue creates the dramatic back-drop of the play. By using a prologue, Shakespeare introduces the theme of love, informing the audience of the lovers. During Shakespeare’s time, it was not unusual to introduce the play by using a chorus. The chorus would silence the audience and create an appropriate mood for the first scene. The chorus emphasizes that the lovers are fated and their love is ‘death-marked’. The prologue helps create dramatic irony, the audience are aware that the play is a tragedy. Shakespeare’s audience did not mind being given the same narrative structure; however, Shakespeare introduced a new level of contemporary entertainment. It is said that for this particular play, Shakespeare relies upon a narrative poem, â€Å"The Tragicall History of Romeus and Juliet† published in 1562 and translated into English. However, Shakespeare’s play is not an adaptation of the poem because the relationship between Romeo and Juliet is much deeper and dramatised; the couple do not have many scenes together. In Act 1 Scene 1, two Capulet servants wander through the streets of Verona. They see servants from the house of Montague, they quarrel. This scene is opened by fighting; this is a dramatic opening and shows how deep the feud between the Montagues and Cauplets is. The speed in which the fighting breaks out prepares the audience for the way haste and speed plays a big part in the coming tragedy; the play starts on Sunday morning and ends on Thursday afternoon. This quarrel begins almost as a farce; biting your thumb at someone is an ancient Italian insult. In Romeo and Juliet’s world, the old and foolish overrule the young; Capulet and Montague’s quarrel is shown in a foolish light, however this also heightens dramatic tension. The town’s people and the Prince are tried of this enmity. Escalus, Prince of Verona, is the representative of law and order in the play. Escalus is furious with both families; he compares their behaviour to that of beasts. He is angry because their pointless fighting is disrupting the social life of the city. The Prince commands them to restore the peace or it will end in death. This dramatic irony allows the audience to be aware that the feud will end in death and no family will succeed, but they will cause problems for themselves. The families are ‘forsworn to love’ between themselves. The Prince’s name means justice and this is his role on each of the three occasions he appears. In less then a hundred lines, Shakespeare has created a tense atmosphere where even one word can trigger off unthinking violence. As the Prince departs, the mood changes because Lady Montague asks the question that the audience want to ask, ‘O where is Romeo? ‘ Benvolio becomes poetic as he talks about Romeo; he talks about sunlight and silence. This use of imagery by Shakespeare creates a deliberate atmosphere around the lovers in several scenes. Benvolio says that Romeo has been walking underneath a grove of sycamore trees; the name is being used as a pun, ‘sick amour’. Romeo is compared to Aurora, the goddess of the dawn, by Montague because of his speed. This is significant because this is the dawn of the lovers’ tragedy. These references to mythology are only connected with Romeo or Juliet. When the audience meet Romeo, he is in a melancholy mood, however, it is shown that Romeo enjoys his misery. Romeo loves Rosaline who does not love him, he plays with words of how love confuses and mixes up, turning order into chaos. Romeo’s speech is full of opposites, ‘brawling love’, ‘loving hate’ and ‘feather of lead’. This grouping together of opposites in the imagery is known as ‘oxymoron’. These images of chaos and confusion are repeated throughout the play. Romeo mentions of ‘still-waking sleep, that is not what it is’; this is almost a vision of the future, were he will find Juliet seemingly dead. Romeo’s language is artificial and forced. He uses so many ornate and different descriptions for his feelings because he is not really in love at all; he is in love with the idea of being in love. Romeo talks a lot in rhyming couplets, which makes his speech sound more like a well-rehearsed speech than a true expression of emotional torment. When Romeo meets Juliet, his language becomes more sincere and passionate. Romeo seems desperate to fall in love, but it is an idealised kind of love that he wants; he is realistic, uncompromising and given to extremes, which helps the audience to prepare for his headlong fall into passionate love in Juliet. The audience can conclude that Rosaline is only his fancy and he could be cured if he would follow Benvolio’s prescription and ‘Examine other beauties’. In Act 1 Scene 2, the real twist of the play begins. The audience have not yet met Juliet but hear Paris confidently asking Capulet for Juliet’s hand in marriage; this therefore produces tragic complications for Romeo and Juliet although they have not yet met. Capulet uses imagery to describe how young and unprepared Juliet is to become a bride. Juliet’s ‘ripeness’ to be a bride is talked of in the same breath as summer ‘withering’. Montague talks about Romeo being blighted like a bud bitten by a worm. These hints in the imagery prepare the audience for the upcoming tragedy. The love of Romeo and Juliet is full of promise and hope but doomed by fate. Capulet decides to hold a ball in which Juliet can meet with Paris. This idea of marriage to Paris creates a dramatic complexity; how is she going to meet and fall in love with Romeo if she is promised to Paris. In Act 1 Scene 3, the audience realise the importance of the Nurse, as the Nurse is more of a mother of Juliet than Lady Capulet; we realise this because of her emotional speech of Juliet’s childhood. We learn about Juliet’s age and a great deal about the personal sorrow of the Nurse. Lady Capulet is a contrast to the Nurse; she introduces the topic of marriage to Paris very abruptly and without sensitivity. ‘Tell me, daughter Juliet, how stands your dispositions to be married? ‘ she expects Juliet to obey her commands without question. Lady Capulet describes Paris in a sonnet, an elaborate comparison of Paris with a book. However, her extended metaphor has no impact upon Juliet’s feelings. Juliet’s reply to meet Paris shows only a young girl’s obedience. Act 1 Scene 4 shows Romeo openly being teased by his friends for his false love in Rosaline. Romeo and his friends are about to gatecrash the Capulet’s ball. The audience meet Mercutio; he describes Romeo’s dreams as being enchanted by Queen Mab. In such dreams, reality and madness seem to meet, and it is this sort of lovers’ dream that is about to come true for Romeo. Romeo agrees to go to the ball because Rosaline will be there but he feels uneasy and has a premonition of death. Romeo uses legal language prophesying that his premature death will result from what he begins tonight at Capulet’s mansion. This again shows dramatic irony as the lovers meet at this feast. The opening of Act1 Scene 5 is calm because we see domestic matters as the servants clear up after dinner. This dramatic delay sharpens the audiences desire to see what happens when they meet. Romeo and his friends enter as masquers and are greeted by Capulet; they mix in with the guests. Romeo catches his first glimpse of Juliet as she dances with Paris. Rosaline was invited to the ball, but we do not hear of her; Romeo has no eyes for her. Immediately, Romeo’s language becomes poetic as he describes Juliet’s beauty. Romeo considers her beauty as ‘too rich for use’ and ‘for earth too dear’; he feels that she is too fine for the uses of this world and too precious for earth. This sounds ominous and reinforces the sense of forbidden love. Tybalt, Juliet’s cousin, recognises Romeo’s voice and is ready to fight; however, he is stopped by Capulet, who has become wiser since this morning’s quarrel. This gives time for Romeo to approach Juliet. Romeo and Juliet share a sonnet; sonnets were popular during the sixteenth century. Romeo compares Juliet to a saint; religious imagery is used throughout their conversation. Their formal use of language is rather dignified and stresses the purity and sincerity of their love for each other. The sonnet’s use of religious words isolates the characters from the rest of the scene. Romeo and Juliet kiss and are about to start a second sonnet but they are disturbed by the Nurse. The interruption by the Nurse brings the lovers back into the real world from their state of isolation and they begin to understand what has happened. From the Nurse, Romeo learns that Juliet is a Capulet, the family so bitterly at odds with his own and whoever marries her will be very rich, although her wealth is of no interest to Romeo. Juliet wants to know if Romeo is married; if he is then her wedding bed will be her grave. Juliet’s character has changed from an obedient child to determine and strong-minded young woman; however this could lead conflict with her parents’ wishes to marry Paris. Again the Nurse is the source of information as Juliet learns that Romeo is her enemy; ‘My only love sprung from my only hate’, the audience feel sorry for the ill-fated lovers. Romeo and Juliet’s hearts are tearing up as they learn that it will be difficult to be with their love, although it will be painful to be without; no matter what they do, they will suffer. This underlines the folly of the feud; if the two families would just accept each other, the feud would end and the lovers’ would be able to be with their other-half. The audience will want to know how the next scene is laid out. The stage is at a tense and worried atmosphere after many opposites and contrasting moods, it is at an appropriate mood for the tragedy to unfold.

The Effects of Overpopulation in the Philippines

The Philippines needs to deal with a major problem that poses a threat to economic growth. Overpopulation is the root of almost all problems in the Philippines and for the country to progress, it only needs to solve overpopulation and everything else will follow. The problem of overpopulation is one of the factors that causes unemployment. Existing businesses in the country can no longer provide jobs to all the workforce in the country. Jobs are available, however due to lack of educational expertise, which can also be traced from overpopulation, not many people are qualified to handle the available jobs. Even the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry, which is currently booming in the country, cannot provide jobs to all Filipino citizens because not all Filipinos are well-versed in English. Overpopulation will not increase the collection of taxes if the country could not give jobs to its population (cited in Orbeta, Pernia and Sanchez, 1999). The National Statistics Office (NSO) indicates that population would be projected at 90. 4 million in 2008 with a population growth rate of 2. 3 percent annually, one of the highest in Asia. Due to the high unemployment rate, many of the workforce are not qualified as taxpayers which means that budget collection is low. This is considering the number of projects needed to stabilize poverty and other related problems. In short, overpopulation creates unemployment; unemployment creates poverty; and poverty impedes economic growth. If overpopulation could only be solved, the government could allot more of the budget needed for growth and development rather than shelling out huge funds for housing projects, feeding programs and other projects aimed at alleviating poverty. Overpopulation also results in abuse of the country's natural resources. This, in turn leads to different environmental problems. Pollution is also a factor associated with overpopulation. Waste disposal in the Philippines is a worsening problem which threatens the environment. The Environment and Natural Resource Accounting Project (ENRAP) indicated that households were found to be the major contributors to air and water pollution in the Philippines. (cited in Orbeta, Pernia and Indab, 1999) For air pollution in 1992, 64 percent of particular matter, 89 percent of volatile carbon and 90 percent of carbon monoxides come from households while 44 percent of biological oxygen demand, 61 percent of suspended solids and 76 percent of Phosphate contribute to water pollution (cited in Orbeta, Pernia and Indab, 1999). Population growth also affect education and health in such ways that there are close birth-spacing, lower levels of nutrition intake, poor nutritional status, higher infant mortality, smaller per capita health and food expenditures, poorer access to preventive and curative medical care, lower schooling expenditures per child, lower grades for children enrolled in school, lower child intelligence. It was also pointed out that this setup is more evident in families that are below the poverty line (cited in Orbeta, Pernia, Jha and Deolalikar, 1999). The relatively high fertility rate also indicated that it affects education. It was discovered that enrollment rates continued to increase despite rapid population growth and that per capita expenditure showed a decline even if enrollment rates were not affected by population growth (cited in Orbeta, Pernia and Schultz, 1998). These results were then compared using data from the Philippines and simulation results yield that while human capital expenditures rise, the increase does not suffice enough to sustain the level of per capita expenditure which gravely affects the quality of education (cited in Orbeta and Pernia 1999). On the other hand, overpopulation in the country still has a positive outcome. The dollar remittances coming from Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW), the Philippine Peso still trades well versus the US Dollar. One way to solve the problem, the legislative branch of the government must enact a bill that will limit the number of children that a couple may have. China is already doing this but the one-child policy that they are implementing was deemed too harsh. Having a limit of two children would be just enough to maintain the country’s present population. It may even be noted that those people who do no have a good standard of living are the ones that have less children while the well-off families have only one to three number of children. Another way of solving overpopulation is by holding family planning campaigns and disseminating proper information on contraceptives. However, being a Catholic country, the Church stand remains to be an impediment. Due to this, the promotion of such initiative remains to be debated by the Government and the Church for a long time. Addressing the challenges caused by overpopulation remains to be difficult for the Philippine government to address due to the complications and relative problems it gives to individuals and society. The Philippine government must act accordingly to these problems and promote mechanisms to tackle the issue accordingly. In the end, if people and the government will work hand-in-hand to combat the adverse effects of overpopulation, to foster continued growth and development.

Data Protection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Data Protection - Essay Example For example, it is because of the emergence of a 'borderless' society that law enforcement agencies increasingly seek to be exempted from the full rigors of the privacy laws. That this kind of exemption can lead, in turn, to misuse and abuse of these powers is perhaps one of the 'costs' we have to bear if law enforcement agencies generally are to be effective in combating crime in the information age. However, before evaluating how ethically right is the State's intervention in the privacy of the members of the society for its proposed public interests, the very terminology of "Privacy" needs to be understood. Extensive material in literature on the definition of Privacy reveals that the term's meaning differs under various approaches to privacy offered by different scholars. Privacy's most widely spread definition has been coined by Warren & Brandeis (1890, p. 205) who define privacy, as an intrinsic value, the "right to be let alone" (Stahl, 2007). Another approach to define privacy by (Stalder, 2002) is that of informational self-determination which sees privacy as the right to determine who accesses person-related data. This interpretation is widely spread in continental Europe whereby privacy may be taken in terms of property which includes the protection of an individual's financial records, health records, ex-directory telephone numbers, criminal records, etc. If person-related information can be treated as property, then privacy issues can be reduced to the more established (intellectual) property law as Spinello (2000) puts it. As an instrumental value, privacy has been described as an important aspect of humans where a truly private space is necessary for mental health (Nissenbaum, 2001), is required to trust others and, more generally, to develop good social relations (Gallivan. & Depledge, 2003; Johnson, 2001).A functioning society thus requires the provision of privacy for its members (Introna, 2000) and that applies to data both computerized and on paper records of its members. The UK legislature's stance on their privacy policy brought about the Data protection Act in 1998 which supersedes the earlier Act of 1984, which aimed to implement Council Directive 95/46/EC on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data. Essentially, any person or organization (the data controller) collecting and processing personal data (that is, data which relate to a living individual who can be identified from those data, and includes any expression of opinion about the individual) must register with the Information Commissioner, and must specify various items of information about the data collected and the uses to which the data will be put (Harris 2006, p. 124).The DPA's purpose was to create universal European standards for the collection, storage and processing of personal information. It allowed certain individuals to know what information about them is being held. If enough members of these groups applied their rights they might be able to amass sufficient information to

Homework in labor economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Homework in labor economics - Assignment Example (4c). at equilibrium price of $ 6 the amount of employment is 16. Suppose the government set a minimum price at 7, more workers will be induced to look for jobs. This will increase labour supply at the same time reducing demand for labour Setting a minimum wage in a two sector economy has a spillover effect in the two economy. For example a model where one sector is more productive than the other, setting a minimum wage in the unproductive sector to reduce the wage gap causes a negative spillover effect on the productive sector. As much as job creation in the unproductive sector is ambiguous, job creation in the productive sector unambiguously decreases. This is because a minimum wage increases the outside option of unemployed workers contributing to wage determination in the productive sector. (c) An increases payroll tax will mostly burden the workers. This burden can however be transferred to the firms through tax shifting. This way employing firm can help the employee carry the burden of the increased payroll tax As seen from the graph, if the worker evaluation of the compensation is less than the cost of providing it, the amount of labor supply will reduce in the market. This is represented by a downward shift in supply curve resulting into an increase in wages and decrease in

Social Network Sites Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Social Network Sites - Assignment Example   Ã¢â‚¬Å"A social networking site can be defined as an online service  that is based around the building and reflecting of social relations among individuals with common interests or social ties (Boyd & Ellison, 2007)† (Social Networking Sites; More Harm than Good? 2011). These sites also offer the wealthy basis of naturalistic behavioral information. Linkage and profile data from these sites can be assembled either in the course of the use of automated gathering techniques, or in the course of datasets offered directly from the organization, facilitating network investigation, investigators, to explore significant patterns of practice, friending, and various types of other noticeable indicators and ongoing an investigation trend that commence with the examinations of websites and various other blogs. Figure 1. Timeline of the launch dates of many major SNSs and dates when community sites re-launched with SNS features† (Boyd & Ellison n.d., p. 6). All these social net working sites differ slightly but one of the main features is that all of them facilitate the user of the sites to generate a profile in the website to symbolize themselves, and permits users to interact through messages, emails and various types of communication channels in the sites. The popularity and development of these sites over the past 5 years have been huge, as numerous populaces from all over the earth join up to these kinds of social networking phenomenon for diverse reasons. Social networks sites help ease of recognize the theft and helps to bring to light the various privacy issues, in addition to a decrease in face to face communication skills and confidence level. As social networking sites turn out to be more popular by the day, the increases of various negative social results inside our humanity are also extremely great. These types of sites also have an enormous negative and harmful impact on our social and mental health and continue to be so in the future too. It is also at the present evident presently that all the sites facilitate all these harms that will adversely affect the overall living style and working atmosphere of the people. So it is unquestionably true that all those social networking sites lead human beings to harm than good. Workplace Interference: Social networking sites can have various types of negative impact in the place of work, for employers, workers, and future workers. They create interruption, decrease efficiency, cost organizations money, jeopardize the reputation of the organizations, and also cause legal liability. If each worker in a 50-strong labor force spends 30 minutes on various social networking site daily, that would work out to a loss of almost 6,500 hours of output in one year.  

The Use Of Arched And Vaulted Forms In Architecture Has Occasioned The Essay

The Use Of Arched And Vaulted Forms In Architecture Has Occasioned The Development - Essay Example The iconic architectural figure of this time is the Hanging Gardens of Babylon (Craven, 2003). Analysing the design of the hanging gardens, the material used to construct the building mainly consists of bricks piled up all together; forming a relatively quadrilateral form of figure. Arches can be seen in the gates of it. At the same time, it can be considered that the vaults are still not existent. Regular ceilings have been common for this kind of design. Nevertheless, one cannot deny that the Near East architecture, as exemplified by the Hanging Gardens, can be considered to be one of the foundations of developments in architecture. Egypt has been commonly known as one of the most powerful empires back then and almost started in the same way as the civilizations that boomed in the Fertile Crescent. In Egypt, during the flourish of its civilization, they have been able to develop architectural style of their own. One of the key architectural edifices that have used vaults is the Tom b of Amenemhet in Bani Hasan in Middle Egypt (Bleiberg 2005, p. 43). This is where the architraves are used to show vaults and arches inside the mausoleum of the king’s deathbed (Bleiberg 2005, p. 43). However, one cannot disregard the pyramids even if they have not been design arches. Simple technology is present for the Egyptians during the time that they have initiated the construction of these architectural edifices (Bleiberg 2005, p. 6). Given the same technological condition, the Egyptians are still using rocks formed in a quadrilateral shape and piled up altogether to create an architectural complex. It can be inferred that same building technology and material sources can be found in the two architectural timeframes. Ancient European Architecture is where the Classical Age of architecture boomed as stylistic standards have changed due to possible strong socio – political structure of the societies that promulgated the said art forms. This period is considered t o be one that is rich when it comes to development because of the pattern developed during the timeframe of this period. This period encompasses several architectural traditions and designs. This part of the paper shall focus on the following architectural conventions which includes the Greek Order of Architecture, the Early and Imperial Roman Architecture, the Byzantine, and the Romanesque Architecture styles. This is where the Classical Architecture plays a crucial role in the development of designs. There are Greek orders when it comes to the design of the columns for the temples structured for their deities. Doric columnar is the simplest of the forms and emerged as the first and basic form of design (Evans 2005, p. 5). The Ionic became the second one that focuses on ornamentations with the columnar while the Corinthian is last level of design the ornamentations are more elaborate, encompassing almost the Hellenistic period of Greece (Evans 2005, p. 5). During this period, not m uch concern can be placed on the use of arches but the roofing is designed accordingly to perfection. In terms of materials, marble and sandstones replaced the rocky structures that the two aforementioned architectural styles. At the same time, Hellenic and Hellenistic Architecture differs in terms of the ornamentation and style. It can be considered that Hellenic has been focused on a form while Hellenistic is