Jewish text Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Jewish text - Coursework ExampleThis story reflects how Judaism responds to impairment with respect to the influence of the overall view by the community. In Jewish societies the collective public, apparently, possesses the power to clear up the position or status of an individual with disability. Since the resulting behavior is believed to have no strings attached to each law or decree found in Judaism, then, Rabbis like Simeon are unconsciously liberated to bear as such according to the overly scrupulous nature of Jewish community which the rabbi himself occurs to have not fully overcome despite length of dutiful studies with the Torah. (2) Why was it important in the Talmud to have corporeal descriptions of the Rabbis? Bearing the central text of conventional Judaism which highly accounts for rabbinic discourse of Jewish law, philosophy, and ethics comprising the flavor of its religious customs, the Talmud necessitates how the rabbinic substance is translated from principle at thought and study into actualization.

Mirrors in the art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mirrors in the art - Essay ExampleMirrors were used in European art with the phylogenesis of Christianity. The symbols of beauty, inner-knowledge, vanity, and fertility of the mirror are expressed. As they became more popular and more accessible, mirrors were used in self-importance portrayings and in paintings. It is an important point to make that might not be clear. As the church became the haughty facture in Europe, there started to be sub-cultures. It clear be explained with music. All pieces of music were create verbally for the church. Folk songs were written with the same music but with different words. As with music, the mirror was used to show two aspects unrivaled aspect done for the church and a second aspect done for the people. The symbols and position of the mirror entrust be meeted at in the 15 and 16th century then it will be compared to the nineteenth 20th century where the church no longer controlled culture across Europe. Van Eycks, Marriage portrait of Gi ovanni Arnolfini and his wife . The mirror, showing 180 vision of the room, shows the full window and how bright it is outside. There is a leash person in the mirror. Some say it is a self portrait of Van Eyck. The frame has the scenes of Christ. This is a perfect illustration of church, fertility, light, enlightenment and the mixture of society with the Church. Diego Velazquez, the Spanish painter born in 1656, multicolored the scene The Maids of Honor. It shows a group of children and their servants, the child of Philip IV, the king of Spain, is watching Velazquez paint an oil canvas. The viewer has to look carefully to find the secret of the painting. On the back wall, he can see the reflexion in the mirror of a couple. He notices that there are the children looking forward and someone in the dorm who is looking in. The man and woman in the mirror are the parents of the princess, the King and Queen of Spain. Philip IV was in the last years of his life and did not want to be pa inted. There is speculation as if it is the august couple being painted. Vermeers Girl with a Pearl Earring shows purity. Her earring is a sign of what is going on in her world. The women in his paintings are educated, knowledgeable and enlightened. The light displayed by the earring is bright as a mirror. One can imagine seeing his own reflexion. Most of the young women in his paintings wear pearl earrings. This one has a mirror like quality. Though Degas shows his danseurs in mirrors, he has not left the impressionist educate in his later painting, At the Milliner, (Lazzari & Schlesier 60). It must be noted that the woman is looking into a mirror that we cannot see. We know it is a mirror because her friend is looking away. It would have

Serial Killer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Serial Killer - Research Paper ExampleHis barbarousness plenty be analyzed from the fact that he labeled the spraying of cyanide on to his fair game as the best killing option that he liked. Richard Kuklinski was a criminal who did not feel wrong about his acts. His dark childhood laid an impact on his future killings (Holmes et al 2009 Martin 2006).Richard Kuklinski was born to Anna and Stanley Kuklinski. They belonged to a low income household. His father was an alcoholic and his mother was a Catholic and a strong follower of her religion. He received many beatings at the detainment of his father and his mother. The cruelty with which his father used to beat the children can be analyzed from the fact that his beatings resulted in the death of one of Richards siblings. Thus, Richard was brought up in a very disturbed household. His childhood was not only darkened by the trauma that he had to birth at his house, but Richard was also the victim of the bullies of his neighborhood (Shaw 2008).The instillation of violence in his character began at an early ripen. He used to make the cats of his neighborhood as the victim of his violence. He committed his archetypal murder at the bare age of 14. He killed a boy named Johnny who was bullying him by using a cue stick as his weapon. His first killing raised his spirits and he continued this act of killing anyone who displeased him. He got married to a woman named Barbara at the age of 26 years. He then adapted the criminal path for his livelihood. He first sold big material and later he became a hit man for the Gambino family. He fell in the hands of the police authorities in the year 1986 during a major crackdown operation (Holmes et al 2009 Martin 2006).The differential railroad tie theory of crime truly depicts the character of Richard Kuklinski. The differential association theory puts forward the fact that a person is directed towards committing of crime from what he learns and sees. This can be understo od as Richard was instilled with

Advertising Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Advertising abridgment - Essay ExampleTechnical effectuate atomic number 18 aimed at adding value to the observes. These hold Sound effects add value to the fruits, thus magnanimous them emotion. Close-ups give emphasis. Lighting is use to attract viewers wariness to certain details. Accessories such as models, props and clothes used alongside the products improve them. Editing is center on generating and pacing excitement most products are marketed using three primary emotions humor, sex and fear. These emotions should be independent on intellectual analysis. Unique effects bring inanimate things into life, thus making them exciting. This tout is usually prevalent in children-targeted ads. Camera angles add value to perspectives. For instance, low angles often give the product or subject power and popular songs and music provide pneumonic devices to ads, and trigger observers memory (Berger 14). Common attention getting hooks are aimed at attracting viewers attentions. The y include humor, symbols, repetition, fear, sex, flattering, wide-ranging lies, macho, femininity, ordinary people, famous people, hype, testimonials, cute and vague promises (Berger 17). These are described as follows Humor is commonly used since it makes the observers more attentive and memorable. Symbols such as crosses and flags are easily recognizable elements that generate powerful emotions. repeating is used to repeat sales pitch over and over again. Fear messages are focused on addressing observers insecurities. It is one of the commonly used techniques since extra attention is needed to resist these messages. And sex often sells without exception. wily images and people always add value to the show, especially in cartoon and family programs. Most conjures feature celebrities giving testimonials why certain products are recommendable. This is because people respect products endorsed by celebrities such as Michael Jordan and Tiger Woods. historied people like Tiger Woods make products attractive and appealing through associations. Ads that target family or community such as Wal-Mart use ordinary people in their shows. Femininity is a sex activity stereotype that is commonly used in a variety of products like alcohol ads and make-up commercials. butch is commonly used in adverts that target male community, but not exclusively. It represents male stereotype and masculinity. much(prenominal) ads include tobacco and military adverts. Exotic is the appeal of the other option. It maybe a tribal person, kettle of fish location, beach location, or something unfamiliar or strange. Film effects, music, fashion and images depicting a certain intent in history are focused to represent demographic featured in the advert. This may include pop and classic rock music (Berger 34). Culture is a feature that is essential when designing an advert. An advert should be designed in accordance to specific ethnic groups. For example, Latino-targeted adverts may include particular uses of linguistic process or family scenes (Berger 34). There are two key analytical frameworks used to describe adverts and other visuals. These are content analysis and semiotic analysis. The two techniques are not often used when analyzing an ad because they some(prenominal) originate from different ideological stances (Berger 41). Active interpretation is primarily concerned with the act of interpretation. From this, the meaning of the advert is obtained from the process of interpretation, but not from the content of the advert. Such adverts are designed to bring the viewers to a common understanding. There is also diversity of interpretation method, which focuses on the different views presented by the viewers regarding the same(p) advert. This method takes into account factors such as ethnicity, age, class and

Workplace Stress and Aggression Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Work arse Stress and enmity - Research Paper ExampleThe overall productivity of the businesses may also come down retributive because of this negative perception about the work place environment in the company (Tom, 2008).The research shows legion(predicate) lethal examples of such tearing disasters in different US institutions. At the top of the list, there is an incident of a US Army Major, who was serving as a psychiatrist, killed 13 people at his place in October 2007. Similarly, a nonher horrible incident took place in 2006, when the corps found a bushed(p) body of a student at a research building hanging with the wall. The reason stub her death was the violent behavior of the lab assistant (Tom, 2008).In November 2008, an engineer was fired because of the consistent scummy performance he came after a week to his company and shot 11 people in aggression. In another incident in Mississippi in 2003, a plant worker killed vi workers and then shot himself too. These are some of the incidents which are highlighted in the research, otherwise the history of US companies is modify with these horrible violent behaviors and therefore change magnitude the level of aggression and stress in the company employees (Tom, 2008).The increasing rate of work place violence issues need to be addressed soon other it will create a havoc for the rest of the company employees and thus the company management will fork up to suffer the losses. For this reason, the company management should be aware of the warning signs or the triggering factors which actually provoke these violent behaviors. In this way, company can take precautionary measures to avoid any such hazardous publication or incident to take place (Morris, 2005).If a person is not at all well-situated with his or her colleagues at the work place and used to pass negative comments on them then it way of life that he has an aggressive behavior towards others. His inappropriate remarks towards other are a symbol that he is not comfortable with them. According to these people, they are

ABC Company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ABC association - Research Paper ExampleEnding Income tax due (10,000) (30,000) Net cash flow from operating activities (164,000) Analysis of ABC Co.s Cash Flow A companys operating cash flow indicates the revenue generated from doing business over a condition period less the operating expenses (Howell & Bain, 2008). This is an important process since it helps a company determine whether the business has a healthy financial position between the one given on paper and the one that is relevant in practice. From the results of ABCs operating cash flow, the company is experiencing a negative cash flow. Although this is general sometimes, it is still a cause for alarm to the company management. The situation indicates that the company is spending more money than it is receiving. This is a common phenomenon with new companies, however, the situation is dangerous if persistent over the long run (Lerner, 1995). thither are several argues for a negative cash flow but the main causes inc lude hapless debt collection, high operating costs, and bad business decisions. In the case of ABC Company, there are one-third likely reasons for the negative cash flow. These are high costs of goods sold which mostly consists of purchases. The other reason is poor debt collection, the companys accounts statement indicates that the net accounts receivable were still very high with a small boundary line having been collected compared to the previous periods accounts. The third reason is the nature of the company, with a 25% growth in sales it means the company is a fast growing company, which results into noteworthy increase in the companys working capital. To improve the cash flow situation at ABC, the company needs to reduce its spending and increase its sales (Laughlin, Bebbington, & Gray, 2001)However, the best option in... ABC CompanyBesides facing competition from other companies that deal with cedarwood in making roofing and railroad siding shingles, ABC also faces com petition from products make of iron and clay, which are operating in the same market. However, cedar products have a higher competitive advantage over similar products in the market made of iron or clay. The main disadvantage of cedar roofing and siding products is the attached price, which might hand to potential buyers resolving for cheaper iron products. ABC Company is therefore likely to maintain its growth with minimal deviation either downwards or upwards. These deviations may be because of the harsh economic times forcing more homeowners to prefer cheaper iron products or clay products for their roofing and siding. Environmental conservation movements are also impact the industry negatively (Sparrow Exteriors, 2013). These conservation policies are in turn making the cost of raw materials for cedar roofing tiles to be more expensive. Indulging into a new project such as expression the dollhouse could be a viable solution for the company to meet its target goal of $3 milli on in the next three years. Being the companys controller, my objective is to create a strict budget and assess all the employees towards the project so that I can ensure everything goes fit to the set budget limits. The CEO should undertake the new project. After carefully consideration of its profit margin and the costs involved, the project is likely to help the company meet its target.

External, Internal, and Construct Validity Essay

External, Internal, and Construct Validity - Essay drillSecond, the research analyzes if it is logical to consider the family as casual and it is through assessment of inner(a) asperity that this specific issue is determined. Third, a research analyzes if it is reasonable to consider that the scores on measures represent their individual stools and construct validation procedures seem to be most effective method to address this question. In favorable research, there are four main concerns that correspond to four types of validness. In essence these four types of hardness concern different sorts of relationships in the research enterprise. Construct validity refers to the relationships between theoretical constructs and their operations. Both ending and internal validity refer to the relationship between the operationalized treatment and operationalized outcome External validity concerns the relationship between the hypothesized constructs that were operationalized and other constructs of interest that were not. (Judd and Kenny, 1981, p 20). It is most essential to compare and contrast the characteristics of external, internal, and construct validity in order to identify the threats to external and construct validity and to comprehend how validity issues could impact a research.In a profound analysis of validity in relation to social research, it becomes palpable that external, internal, and construct validity are very essential in order to assess the true validity of all(prenominal) study and it is necessary to define them separately. Thus, construct validity may be defined as the finale to which the theoretical constructs of treatment, outcome, population, and setting have been successfully opearionalized, and external validity as the extent to which the effects we prize among operationalized constructs can be generalized to theoretical constructs other than those specified in the original research hypothesis, whereas internal validity is the exte nt to which the detected effects

Advanced HealthCare Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Advanced health care Management - Assignment Examples that make employees perform their responsibilities, managers should then design appropriate indigenceal strategies to assist these employees towards accomplishing identified goals.Likewise, it was emphasized that since employees could manifest and assume take and drives that could change over the course of time, the more that managers should be aware that any previously designed motivational program might sine qua non update or revisions. For instance, in Maslows hierarchy of need, it was specified that people want to satisfy various needs that can be arranged in a hierarchy of importance (Burns, Bradley, & Weiner, 2012, p. 98). And, according to Martires, a need ceases to be potent when it is met and man strives to satisfy the adjacent rung of needs (Martires, 2004, p. 38). This simply means that if workers needs that need to be satisfied as initially assessed by the manager to be predominantly physiological needs (or recei ving a base salary), when this has been satisfied, the manager should re-design the motivational program of the organization to earmark satisfying the next level needs which is security needs (Burns, Bradley, & Weiner, 2012).In addition, it was also disclosed that managers should periodically assess motivation and performance, taking into account the occupational, career-stage and professional factors (Burns, Bradley, & Weiner, 2012, p. 96), which were considered as important types of individual and situational differences. To enable the manager to make a comprehensive and accurate assessment, it is therefore part of their role to conduct the following activities informal interviews with employees and coworkers in which unrestricted questions are asked about individuals needs, motives, perceptions, and values (Burns, Bradley, & Weiner, 2012, p. 96). This could be challenging since some organizations have employees who come and go meaning, the hiring and firing off (or retirement of people) contribute to the

The history of African-Americans Research Paper

The history of African-Americans - Research newspaper ExampleThe paper will use the works of different Historians in understanding why reconstructive memory Era efforts did not immediately guarantee civilized rights and equality to African-Americans. The paper will highlight substantive events that contributed to racial violence, cultural identity and black organisations that advanced the movements for social justice and civil rights to African-Americans and ultimately improvement of post-racial American society. The main events that the paper will focus on include the enactment of 13th amendment, Colfax Massacre, Wilmington backwash riots, Harlem Renaissance, Black power movements and recent election of an African-American as the President of United States. African Americans existence A majority of African Americans are the descendants of African slaves that were held in the US from 1600 until 1865. African-Americans were at multiplication referred as the Negro, Blacks, colore d Americans and Afro-Americans. African-Americans trace their ancestry from native African tribes in Sub-Sahara Africa (Turner-sadler, 2009). African-Americans mainly came to the US as slaves working for both Portuguese and Spanish settlers. Most of the African-Americans were concentrated in the Southern states and a world-shaking majority worked as slaves in the Southern plantations (Bair, 1997). According to Hornsby (2008), African-Americans history is characterized with racial struggles, violence, agitations for self-identity and determination and ultimately ultimate integration in to the mainstream U.S political and social life. Thesis the history and struggles of African-Americans have greatly contributed to the current civil rights in the United States. Enactment of 13th Amendment and commencement of Reconstruction Era There are many significant African-American historical events that shaped the current US bill of rights and social relations in the US. In 1865, American ob liging War came to an end after Confederate forces conceded defeat to Union forces (Hornsby, 2008). Accordingly, Freedmens Bureau was also established in order to provide education and health services to the liberate African-American slaves. The first significant event in African-American history was the enactment of the 13th amendment of US constitution in 1865 (Hornsby, 2008). The 13th Amendment effectively ended slavery and instinctive servitude across the United Slaves. McPherson (1971) is of the approximation that President Lincoln was concerned that Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 had not effectively prohibited slavery since it had been declare only for Ten Confederate States and not the Border States. McPherson analyses the numerous House of Representative meetings that were geared at enacting the 13th amendments and the intentions of the legislators. According to McPherson, the 13th amendment offered the best opportunity for Reconstruction and end of slavery after the Civil War that had claimed lives of thousands of African-Americans. However, some states did not ratify the amendment the same year while others continued to subject blacks to involuntary servitude (Turner-sadler, 2009). The amendment contributed to the end of African-American slaves and later demand for equal human rights with White counterparts (Turner-sadler, 2009). The 13th amendment also surface way for subsequent reconstruction amendments that provided for equal protection under the law and due process in legal proceedings (Turner-sadler, 2009). Colfax Massacre of 1873 The Colfax Massacre that occurred on Easter Sunday 1873 is regarded as another captious event in the history of African-Americans since the end of the civil war (Laird, 2009). During the riots, more than one hundred African-Americans were

Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research Proposal ExampleKnowing any potential impact would hike up lead to the investigation on how creditors would create any important accounting-related adjustments just to be able to interpret survival of their business. Thus, the following questions will be answered at the end of the written report.This study will employ both(prenominal) quantitative and qualitative method of research through a survey questionnaire and personal interview. In the end, this study will lead to understanding the micro-level impact of DRO on lending and banking institution, and increasing the knowledge on the peculiar(prenominal) probable moves of banks and lenders to maximise their revenue on short-term loans amidst the implementation of DRO.The purpose of this research is to investigate whether the perceptions on Debt Relief Order (DRO) have significant impacts on the revenue of creditors especially those who have potential bring in in offering short-term loans with high interest rates. Know ing any potential impact would progress lead to the investigation on how creditors would create any important accounting-related adjustments just to be able to interpret survival of their business.One of the ways in order to protect an individual or a connection from exact financial obligation from creditors is to file bankruptcy (Elias, 2011). This is a way of doing something to secure any shape of financial obligations that could no longer be handled accordingly. However, in any way this is also a rum opportunity to actually create a fresh start when it comes to financial concern of an individual or organization. On the other hand, this also has a remarkable impact on the part of the creditors. Although, individuals who are in financial trouble may actually find it hard to secure financial support in the future for not being able to pay any accounts payable, insolvency on their part could create at some

Fashion is dress in which the key feature is rapid changing of style Essay

Fashion is dress in which the key suffer is rapid changing of style - Essay ExampleThe essay Fashion is dress in which the key feature is rapid changing of style discusses the role of appearance in the changing of style. Irrespective of the degree of switch over in style we argon going through a phase of panache revolution. The following factors ar responsible for the continual diverseness in manner. The change in the society or social trends is passing evident if we focus on the dress of women. Over the years the style of dressing of women has undergone a appreciable change. This can be attributed to the emancipation, e eccentric and independence of women. There has been a remarkable change in the attitudes of and towards women and this attitudinal change is directly linked with their dresses. The historical century has experienced the change in the dress of women the most. Before 1920s women used to be confined indoors. Slowly they started venturing outside. They started attending social events and their past time included alfresco games in the early part of 20th century. So their dresses underwent changes providing them freedom in movement. Some even started lamentable out of homes for go career women. The outcome was a further change in their attitudes and style of their dresses. idiom was given on their comfort as they started spending long hours outside. Another indication of changing measure and changing fashions was the vogue for the tango. Tango teas and tango parties became altogether the rage well before 1914slinky dresses with their slit hems were ideally suited to the fashionable contortions. of the new dance, for which the traditional tea-gown would have been utterly incongruous. (p.77) While researching the style during 1930s, Ewing (1975) has observed Where all kinds of women were leading busy, active lives, simple fashions were desirable for ordinary daily comings and goings, with the luxury of long low-cut gowns taciturn for e venings. At this time evening dress were worn very widely in Britain on a great variety of occasions and by the working girl and the middle class housewife as well as by the Duchess and debutante. (p.111) With the advent of beach custom, fashion changed again as the favorite past time drifted from games to sun tanning on the beach. During the 1950s the most remarkable change in the swimming habit was the introduction of bikinis. The new independent superwomen of the 21st century, with their jobs, their money and secure futures are following new fashion with leaps and bounds. They are choosing dresses that enhance their personality as well as enable them to carry out the responsibilities of their jobs with ease. Since they are financially strong they are always in look of something different and this is one of the reasons why fashion is changing rapidly and continually.Other social trend that brought a change in fashion was the evolution self-sufficiency of the middle class and me ns interest in looking better. Gone are the geezerhood when fashion was considered to be the domain of only rich and famous or those belonging to the fairer sex. Today fashion has no barriers. Rich and not so rich, men and women, young and old and even children are becoming fashion conscious. So whatever style, the rich are following, are being followed by the poor also. The same(p) designs are being copied on shoestring budgets by compromising a little on the quality

The Law of Torts, Product and Service Liability Law Assignment

The Law of Torts, Product and Service obligation Law - Assignment ExampleAgainst this background, this essay seeks to critically analyse the wooings of Haimes v Temple University Hospital 1981 and the Vandev hold backer v Sheetz, INC 1998. Based on the law of torts and product and service liability laws, the essay seeks to compare and contrast the facts, law, and merits of the both lawsuits. The paper will also evaluate aspects related to the facts, recognizes, judgment, as wellhead as ethical issue related to the two cases. A summary of the main points discussed will be given at the end of the essay. In the case of Haimes v. Temple University Hospital 1981 it can be noted that much of the plaintiffs testimony have-to doe with her psychic activities and her inability to practice these activities following the CT scan. To read an aura, according to plaintiff, it is necessary to go into an change state, a state of deep concentration. She complains that her psychic activities hav e been negatively impacted and she can no longstanding perform the tasks she used to do. It can be seen that this affected the occupation of the plaintiff and this is the reason why she got a favourable judgement. The jury gave the finding of fact in the amount of $600000 which included Dr. Haimes loss of a consortium. In eyeshot of the Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 238, the verdict was molded to include delay damages of $386,465.75 and this brought the innate award to $986,465.75. However, the motion for a new trial of the hospital and the doctor was granted given that the verdict was considered as grossly excessive as to shock the courts sense of justice. In the case of Vandevender v Sheetz, INC 1997, the employee sustained a back injury at wrench and she was not permitted to return to work by the employer as a result of specific restrictions. She then appealed and punitive damages were awarded as a result of the unlawful termination of her employment. However, the pun itive damages were found to be excessive since they did not establish with the actual harm as well as termination of employment run intoed by the plaintiff. A approximate analysis of the case shows that the appellee was treated badly by the appellant, and that the appellant should have to pay her a reasonably amount of damages. In this case, the appelle was awarded $ 293,866.00 in compensatory and noneconomic damages for missing essentially four weeks of work as well as other related ill-treatment she received. However, an award of $ 2,232,740 is considered as too much. From the above cases, it can be noted that in order to prove the existence of day care business, some conditions should prevail where a defendant can be taken to court if this duty is breached. Thus, the case of Capiro Industries vs. Dickman (1990), suggests that the following conditions should prevail in order for the plaintiff to win the case and these include foreseeability, proximity as well as reasonability . terrycloth & Giugni (2009) concurs with this notion when he says that the following elements should be proved by the plaintiff in order to be successful in winning the claim. There is need to show that the defendant owed the plaintiff a duty of care, this duty has been breached by falling below expected standards, the defendants conduct caused the plaintiff to suffer physical or economic harm (causation) and the injury suffered was remote or foreseeable. However, it is not always abstemious to prove that the

Matrix analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Matrix analysis - turn up ExampleThis will simply enhance the aim of competition (Dcstrategy.com).For the 5 years period, ranging from 2012- 2017, it kindle be said that the forecasted annual growth rate is around 3 5% per annum. This growth will be the upshot of the fact that the health benefit industry will be increasingly moving towards the layer of maturity over the period of 5 years, thereby providing more opportunities and avenues for growth for businesses related to the health benefits firmament (Dcstrategy.com)The health and fittingness club, CBD Health Spa is highly cerebrate on providing high level, customized service for the customers, era increasingly taking into account the diversified and personalized needs of each customer (cbdhealthspa.com)The health and fitness club provides highly dedicated customer operate to its customers, who focus on giving the customers, with the required level of motivation that is needed for maintaining continuity of the exercise an d thereby helping them to gain benefits out of the program.SO In order to take maximum advantage of the high growth possibilities in the future, the CBD Health Spa can focus on launching new clubs in new regions while offering the diversified gamut of services to the new customers.ST In an attempt to prohibit the threat of low barriers to entry and emergence of new competitors, the speck can opt for forming a joint venture with some of the major players, thereby safeguarding themselves from being do away withd cod to competition from strong market players.WO The club can focus on opening new centers in new areas and taking advantage of the prospective growth opportunities that are being promoted by the government. This will eradicate the weakness of the clubs limited existence in only a particular location.WT The WT is focused on reducing the weakness and threats (Koontz & Weihrich, 2006, p. 108). The club can increasingly build up on the instigator

Crash Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crash - Movie Review ExampleFrom this paper it is clear that the Character of Persian manner of speaking man is withal subjected to racism due to his profession of a domestic worker. Even Cameron and Christine a sanitary off black couple faces racism. According to Cameron and Christine are a black well off couple. They fuck stereotyping and racism when they are whimsical home from a party. On the way, they were harassed by a white police officer who ran fingers on Christines body and Cameron felt helpless. Also Farad a Muslim shop owner in the movie faces discrimination as he is Muslim and it was a time prior to 9/11 terrorist attack.Also Graham, a black police officer with Hispanic charr called Rita tells his mom that he is with white woman which make outs her angry.This study outlines that the discrimination due to class is also unvarnished in the movie. Jean being a woman from upper class looks down upon all minorities. She looks at blacks strangely and shows offensive att itude as she walks down the street. We can see that she also acts badly to her maidservant servant who is black. Even with Mexican locksmith who was Hispanic she reacted in an offending manner. She blamed the locksmith for being a clump member and a potential threat. Also the shop owner Farhad who is from a working class has to consist in a neighborhood with no security where his daughter was almost shot.The movie depicts that whites are fantabulous class and this can be evident in the scene where the white producer tells the black role player to act dumb to make him look more like a black man.... As per ( Blunt) Because this is a movie about connections, some of the most painful moments in Crash show classism and racism documentation each other in peoples personal lives. The movie depicts that whites are superior class and this can be evident in the scene where the white producer tells the black actor to act dumb to make him look more like a black man. The movie also shows th e distinction between the naughty and poor class. Here in the movie, Jean and her preserve are rich and afford luxurious elevator car but poor farhad a shop owner is struggling to live in a shivery neighborhood. He keeps a gun to save himself from Hispanics and blacks. Also the movie shows, the Chinese slaves who are imported to US. So in the movie there is upper class, middle class and even slaves. Gender roles are also portrayed in many scenes along the movie. In the beginning , when Jean and husband are base on balls on the street and when she finds two black men coming towards them, Jean hold on to her husband which shows the traditionalistic role of male as a protector. Although he is not armed, societys traditional view is depicted in the movie where a man is a protector and women in choose of protection. Another example is where, Jean and husband in career with traditional gender role notion. Rick, the husband is an Attorney while she remains a housewife. Here, the rol es reinforces male as a breadwinner and woman as a domestic. Another scene which showcases gender roles is when Cameron and Christine are stopped by the police while driving home. Here there is depiction of male versus egg-producing(prenominal) struggle which is much obvious in the society. The female is sexually assaulted by Ryan, a police officer while her husband watches helplessly. Although, this instance has racism, the gender

Charging Time Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Charging Time - Assignment ExampleThus, Kevins independent good duty is not compromised by pickings the audit work home (Martocchio and Laio 222). At the same time, the gist of losing clients is nullified by the fact that Kevin chooses not to charge the firm or the client for his time (Martocchio and Laio 222). Thus, Kevin should ca-ca the work home and not charge it to the job.If I were Kevin, it would be prudent to first increase my tread of audit work in order to cut on the time I use. The reason being, it testament indicate an acceptance and a change in attitude to my work. Secondly, I would then work overtime and not charge the firm or client for this time. Doing so would prevent complacency by taking the remaining work with me home and ensure that all the days work is complete in the first place I leave. On meeting 30 days later, I would explain my position to Bo and Moe as wizard in which I have taken action and made tremendous improvements in cutting experience the t ime used in the audits. Hence, I deserve to remain in my position as I took their concerns positively and effected measures as evidenced by my

High School Cliques Essay Example for Free

High inform Cliques quizThe school milieu causes natural polarization of peoples with similar accentuates, attitudes, or any early(a) factors that would form current peer groups, or cliques. This is ingredienticularly observable in the High instill setting, as the predominant affable groups are composed of adolescents who are beginning their socialization process. This socialization forms various groupings or factions that are extremely noticeable in High School.The modern media, who continually builds on and establish the perceived cliques and groups in movies, shows, and some other media venues, is repeatedly echoing the reality. This has created stereotypes of High School cliques, such as (1) the popular group, (2) athletes, (3) nerds, (4) racial segregation, (5) pop-culture groups like bikers and hip-hop, (6) outcasts, and (7) other groups. The converging elements of a particular faction empennage be varied and numerous. These cliques set up be students who eat together, or hang out with each other after class.Racial profile can also be a strong factor, as with the social class and background. Even personal alternative and culture can bring together divergent kinds of peoples. High school youthfulness converge because of the power that they find something in common with the group that they are with. The blood clique in High School is the popular student. Usually they are the student leaders or even cheerleaders and well-known members of the student body. They can be socially advantaged as they are driving newer cars or organizing fancier parties.They can be part of the group on the merit that they are simply popular in the batch. These students are commonly the first ones remembered and recalled in reunions or gatherings. They are seen as role models, or at the other extreme, a source of jealousy and hatred. The second group, the athletes, can overlap with this first group, because basketball and football players can be super popul ar in High School. Another High School clique are the nerds, who are the nigh participative in class or gets the highest grades in any subject.They would congregate in the canteen and converse approximately math or politics or any other academic topic. They are stereotyped as being shy and wearing big glasses, and are very grade conscious and studious. Apart from this group, other cliques can be divided according to culture lines, like rockers or hip-hops. They are ordinarily secluded and non-conventionalists, and would gather on their own parties and gatherings. Another notable group are outcasts, who are usually the but of jokes, and would have severe emotional and psychological problems.Some would also note that racial background would be a strong determinant in formation of cliques. Asians or African Americans or Caucasians would almost likely hang-out with each other, which does not imply discrimination, but incorruptly cultural identification. They also form different and very distinguishable cliques in High School. High School is the stage of life wherein social interaction is at its most dynamic, as young adolescents are placed in a social environment outside their homes, and forced to polarize into different groups.Although these High School cliques can be regarded as mere stereotypes that may not always necessary be apparent in a social context, on that point is a ring of truth in the observations. Since the school is a hodgepodge of different backgrounds and cultures, it is natural for the youth to find people they are familiar and comfortable with. This reality, coupled with media hype, reinforces the perception that different High School cliques do exist.

Role Of A Nursing Faculty Member Essay Example for Free

Role Of A Nursing Faculty Member EssayIntroductionThe staple role of a nurse staff genus Phallus is to teach treat expertnesss to students effectively. The cognition, skills and values acquired by the learners must be put into clinical practice. It is therefore the duty of the faculty member to impart practical skills to the students. in that location has been a debate on the most suit fit method of teaching clinical medicine. Most arguments require shown that the effectiveness of the clinical teaching is determined by the s annul away results. Teaching being a skill it requires specialized strategies for its positive craved end results. A faculty should be organized in power structure to alter proper allocation of duties therefore the roles of the faculty member are real diverse and practical. case OF A NURSING FACULTY MEMBERThe aim of teaching is equip a student with knowledge and skills that are consumable. A good education program is deemed to be the wizard is a ble to satisfy both(prenominal) individual and societal needs. The changes in health care deliin truth systems, demographic trends, technological advances and developments in higher(prenominal) education influence the competencies needed for professional nursing practice. (Garberson Oermann 2007)The main developments in the teaching of nursing excite-to doe with to the philosophical perspective in which the program goal and objectives based on the content are accepted followed by the teaching evaluation process. The authoritative strategies of teaching nursing focus much on the end results as such there is more focus tending(p) to an individuals needs, learnedness activities, eruditeness style, which has improved the quality of the end results.In a situation where teaching is based on the end result, the faculty member then should commence the teaching by identifying the end results rather than the intention of the teaching. roughly of this en d results expected after the teaching process include knowledge, skills, professional attitudes behavior and values. honorable clinical learning activity is achieved by enabling the students to be able to transfer acquired knowledge into real life situations. The knowledge (theory) acquired should be put into practice.Researches geared toward curriculum reforms are very important to a nursing faculty member in point to accommodate the fast changes in health are important. Nurse teachers should focus on giving students tangible skills based on facts. The ability to solve clinical is an important recipe to clinical teaching and learning. Most of the clinical problems require the student to be imaginative this necessitates the teacher to equip the student with necessary skills on how to solve practical new clinical problems jibe to the context.Therefore essentially critical and creative skills mind is in order to be abreast with the current challenges in health care that go out help one work more effectively in the real life situations. The care services should spread evenly within a limited surround this is in the view that medical has grown to be a very vital service to be offered to people of all calibers in the world.PREPARATION NEED FOR THE ROLEThe nursing faculty member and students in academic nursing must choose a healthy learning center to assist in acquisition of practical skills. The teacher therefore is expected to assign duties and responsibilities to the students within a given halt of time. A faculty member should put in place different roles important in control the students in their learning activities.The major of the teacher is to empower the students with skills within and outside the clinical context that will enhance delivery of quality services to patients. Proper planning of the clinical activities requires a teacher to have more knowledge. A nursing faculty member should be able to organize the students into groups in order to improve the guiding of the cogni tive skills that are crucial for problem solving.Typically students utilization of resources increases with the implementation of problem-based learning as students are challenged to explore answers of learning issues. Resources for information include faculty experts, consultants, text, journal and a computerized information retrieval system as well as field and clinical experience.Lowestein and Bradshaw (2004). The subtler role of a nursing faculty member is to monitor the learning atmosphere. The students acquire clinical skills positively this nurtures them towards working independently. Research has shown that when one works independently is likely to double the skills in the field specialized (DeYoung, 2003). The outcome of should be able to reflect need oriented especially the needs of the patients should be give priority.Evaluation is a very important criterion for establishing the knowledge and competence acquired by the student. Therefore suitable criteria for evaluation should be open up and feedback given appropriately after each evaluation.Problem solving strategy has been found a very helpful learning strategy among students as it gives maximum outcomes. For a nurse to acquire necessary clinical expertise in understanding the multiplicity of factors that interplay in a give situation, the must impart inquiry based techniques in a student. This can be done through giving the student research tasks to be done especially those relating to patients. The implication here is that the student will have the opportunity to mix the knowledge learnt with the past and present experiences and use it to solve anything new in future. A faculty member may be involved in clinic care activities in the process of ensuring quality assurance. In this subject the teacher is acting as a role model to the students.There are diverse roles of a nursing faculty member among them include administration, nursing education program course coordination conducting research and serve as a consultant among other functions (Gaberson, Oermann, 2007).Therefore the understanding of situation of clinical learning activities break with proper preparation in the part of the teacher, this is usually achieved by setting goals and objectives to be achieved. The goals and objectives determine the methods to be used in teaching process. The teacher should be able to evaluate the extent to which a particular student is prepared before being assigned a duty to execute especially when they given a private client to attend to in the assigned clinical duties (Barnum, Karlene Kerfoot, 1995).ConclusionThe nursing faculty member should equip the students with theoretical skills that can bring about positive learning process and the desired outcomes. The knowledge imparted on a student should have utilitarian value on an individual, the knowledge should enable them impact their patients positively.The roles that the nursing faculty member does are beneficial to the inst itution as well as the student. Positively the faculty member gives care services to the patients what might be called in-service function. It should be noted that nursing is a labour intensive activity, which requires commitment, it requires a 24-hour ongoing service and as such individual should be prepared to face this challenges appropriately.ReferencesArlene J. Lowestein, Martha J. Bradshaw. (2007) Fuszards innovative teaching strategies in nursing. Jones Bartlett publishers.Barbara Stevens Barnum, Karlene M. Kerfoot (1995). The nurse as executive Aspen publishers.DeYoung, S. (2003). Teaching strategies for nursing educators. Upper Saddle River, N.J.Prentice Hall Health.Kathleen B. Gaberson, Marilyn H. Oermann. (2007). Teaching strategies in nursing. Aspenpublishers.

The significance of endings in The Great Gatsby The Kite Runner and Audens poetry Essay Example for Free

The entailment of decisions in The Great Gatsby The Kite Runner and Audens poetry EssayWrite slightly the significance of the ship canal writers end their narratives in the work of the three writers you have studied.In The Great Gatsby Fitzgerald creates a sense of decisiveness in the last chapter done and through the repetition of the word last, which suggests to the reader the party was over. Also the repetition relates to the end of Nicks experiences and intercourseship with Gatsby, creating a subdued t unmatched in the ending of the narrative. Fitzgerald references the colorize green once more, which is symbolic of Gatsbys trance, the use of it in this final examination chapter signifies the sombre end of the breathing in and pursuit of Daisy. Fitzgeralds construction of a tone of finality within this final chapter in relation to Gatsbys dream weighs the loss of hope, considering the dream has been a symbol for hope for the entirety of the novel.Fitzgeralds s et ahead utilisation of colour similarly reflects the loss of hope. The motor-hearse was described as horribly black which heavily contrasts the thoroughgoing(a) displays of colour in Gatsbys life pink rag of a suit, this compounds the fact that Gatsby is therefore gone, thus ending the narrative in a pessimistic tone since neither Gatsby, nor his dream succeeded. pair with this is the pathetic fallacy, used to gibe the sombre feeling of death and loss, there was a thick precipitate which has ominous connotations. Also, the fact the rain has only been described in one other instance over the whole narrative builds tension since its not an ordinary explanation he spoke of the rain in a worried, uncertain way.However, despite this pessimism throughout the final chapter, Fitzgerald uses the final line to reference Gatsby one last time and reflect his passionate struggle to realise his dream. So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back constantly into the past. This meta phor shows that despite Gatsbys life being full of obstacles current, nothing stopped him relentlessly trying to achieve what he wanted so we beat on. Through this Fitzgerald references the reader and demonstrates the human lack to dream and to be challenged and suggests to the reader that despite obstacles and hardship in our own lives tomorrow we will wreak faster, stretch out our arms further and ultimately we should never give up until we have secured what we dream of. This ends the novel with a moral message directed specifically towards the reader through the character description of Gatsby, creating a sense of closure in the reader.In The Kite Runner Hosseini uses descriptions of how amirs capitulum flashed back to his childhood with Hassan and the profound detail of Sohrab in the final chapter, in order to epitomise amirs guilt which spawned from a frigid overcast day in the winter of 1975, and which has been the central chance in the novel. emir says his hands are stai ned with Hassans blood and he prays God doesnt let them get stained with the blood of his boy too. The blood is suggestive of Hassans rape which is the seminal fluid of Amirs guilt and the fact that Amir pray(ed) shows how he feels utterly powerless suggesting he is overwhelmed with guilt.Hosseini creates a detailed explanation of Sohrabs face, his slanting bamboo-leaf eyes so much like his perplexs, this compari male child exemplifies Amirs guilt over his cowardice and disloyalty towards Hassan which is compelling him to devote himself to his son in repentance. Alternatively this concern over Hassans boy could reflect Amirs honorable care and love of his friend and half-brother Hassan, especially since blood is mentioned which has been symbolic for the brotherhood between the dickens characters Amir and Hassan. Hosseinis description of Amirs sibyllinely rooted guilt in this final chapter ends the narrative positively since the reader ultimately sympathises with Amir, as his he avy conscience reveals his benevolence towards Hassan and presents him once more as an appealing character.Hosseini also significantly parallels Amir and Hassan in the closing lines of the narrative to suggest that Amir did last receive repurchase for his betrayal of Hassan, this ends the narrative in a light hearted manner constitute a positive ending. Hosseini says that Sohrab took hold of the string of the increase which symbolises the bond now formed between Amir and Sohrab, since the kites always were an omnipresent symbol for friendship within the novel. Therefore Hosseini suggests that Amir and Hassan have reconciled through Amirs bondage with Sohrab. The final line of the narrative I ran shows how Amir running the kite for Sohrab, mirrors the actions of Hassan, suggesting Amir has at last been redeemed of his disloyalty, because he has changed.He is running for Hassans son, the personal pronoun I ran shows he is no longer selfish and his superiority demonstrated before ha s vanished. Similarly, Hosseini suggests Amir finally receives redemption since Soraya had a glimpse of the mother she might have been in her eye, had her own womb not betrayed her which shows she has finally become a mother and subsequently, Amir a father. This symbolises redemption because Amirs infertility had been a symbolic punishment for his cowardice towards Assef during Hassans rape someonehad decided to deny me fatherhood for the things I had done. However the fact that now he is able to be a father to Sohrab suggests he no longer needs to be punished.In As I Walked Out One Evening Auden uses the ending of the piece to consolidate the overall theme of the power of time, which permeates the verse form. Auden describes the setting late in the evening in the final stanza of the poem, which contrasts the beginning where the time frame was simply identified as one evening. This suggests time has slide by between the first and last stanza.Then Auden says the lovers they were go ne which suggests that because of the passage of time their love has ended, gone exhibit love to be fragile against the vast power of time. Furthermore the comparison between the lovers they were gone and the deep river ran on shows how despite the lovers perishing in time the deep river has remained unchanged from the beginning of the poem where it was revealed to be a brimming river, a synonym for full or deep. This rhyme between gone and on and the parallel description of the river from the beginning shows the lovers havent impacted upon anything, which presents love as an inexorably insignificant force in life, a key theme within the poem.In O What is That Sound Auden uses meaningful absence seizure in order to reflect the uncertainty in the congresswoman of the poem and to create an exciting ending. In the poem Auden describes scarlet soldiers en route to the broken lock and splintered door where the voice of the poem is residing. Auden uses the final stanza as a climactic mo ment in which to suggest the soldiers have reached their destination and are about to harm the voice in the poem. The final line the soldiers eyes are burning has ominous connotations and implies the be doom of the voice.Similarly the propounding b sounds in broken and boots symbolises the loud movements of the soldiers which reflects their close proximity and subsequently emphasises their threat, creating a tense exciting ending as the reader fears for the fate of the voice. However the b sounds could also reflect the aggressiveness of the soldiers and equally show their threatening presence.Auden also rises the threat of the soldiers and tense tone of the poem at the end through the lack of questions presented in the final stanza. In the previous stanzas, two voices were present explicated through repetitive questions and answers, however in the final stanza there is only description of the soldiers turning, turning which increases the pace of the poem and reflects the imminent d anger since the voice is now all alone, which allows the reader to vicariously experience the situation of the voice in the poem, spawning an exciting ending.

IHG future plans Essay Example for Free

IHG future plans EssayIHG aggressive growth plan is in full swing. They announce future plans for the largest new-build Crowne Plaza in the U. S. with 300 deluxe guest rooms and suites. Located ii miles from Baltimore capital letter Airport, the property depart be part of a $350 million resort complex, attached to a 90,000 sq. ft state of the art conference center featuring a 50,000 sq. ft. grand ballroom. The hotel is expected to open early 2009. As a part of The Grand Isle touch on, the crowne Plaza will be connected to a 14,000sq. ft. interior aquatic center featuring the east coasts most exciting slides and attractions. With 3. 5 million sq. ft. of station space, the resort will be an oasis for the business traveler, conference attendee and family like. The hotel believes its convenient airport fix will satisfy both business and leisure travelers. The Crowne Plaza at Grand Isle Resort is owned by ASHA Companies and managed by American Resort Management, LLC, under a l icense agreement with a company in the IHG.The IHG brand has experienced very positive growth over the last two years and in 2006, opened a total of ten hotels in seven countries. The brand will continue its global amplification throughout 2007 including new openings planned in China (Chengdu, Qingdao, Shenzhen, and Jiuzhaigou), the opening of the worldwide Dubai Festival City, and the launch of the ANA InterContinental Tokyo. The InterContinental Moscow is scheduled to open in 2010.In addition, IHG announce plans for Honduras first Holiday Inn Express. The 104 room Holiday Inn Express in San Pedro Sula will be owned by Desarollos Monumentales under a license agreement with a company in the IHG and is scheduled to open September 2008. Conclusion The growth of the InterContinental Hotels Group, IHG, into one of the worlds largest hotel groups in the world and the leader in hotel room count is based primarily on its emphasis on its own unique brand distinction and customer loyalty .The strong operating organization that it guards in or so of the largest markets has also been significant to the global expansion of the InterContinental Hotels Group. The advertising and marketing entity as well as the global call centers, local language websites, sales, and its Priority Club Rewards (PCR) program that comprise the operating system of the IHG group is unrivaled. Furthermore, the unique quality of these systems work together with the objective of driving brand demand, which has been one of the recognise strengths of this Hotel Group.From its humble beginnings at the Holiday Inns International in 1988 to its global expansion plans into Asia with the help of its joint imperil projects in Japan, the IHG group is set to become even larger. The manner by which the group is able to maintain several different brands such as Holiday Inn, Holiday Inn Express, InterContinental Hotels and Resorts, and Crowne Plaza Hotels and Resorts keeps it onwards of the competition b ecause they are able to cater to a wider class of customers.There are more expansion plans for the future of this highly successful hotel group as they have recently announced the plans for the largest new-build Crowne Plaza in the U. S. as well as new openings planned in China for the year 2007. The challenge that ashes for this group lies in being able to expand at a sustainable pace and take for the competitive edge that has kept it at the top of the hotel industry through the various innovations and excellent do that it provides.

How to Break Bad Habits and Create Positive Ones Essay Example for Free

How to Break Bad Habits and Create Positive Ones EssayEveryone has one a bad utilization (or habits) we wish we could break. Unfortunately, breaking a bad habit as anyone who has ever bitten their nails, peckd, or mindlessly snacked in front of the TV knows is not that simple. Breaking habits is hard, but mental capacityh a little determination, it is achievable. in that respect is a reason habits are hard to break. The majority of our habits are good for us, allowing our brain to complete certain(a) tasks on autopilot which frees space for decision making, creativity, and quick action. But the brain does not discriminate among good and bad habits once something becomes a routine, whether its helpful or harmful, your brain will fare it automatically, which can make it hard to stop.Step 1 Identify the habitAll habits serve a purpose. Brushing your teeth first thing in the morning prevents cavities, stopping at a wild light prevents car accidents, and eating cupcakes when youre feeling low can deliver comfort. To make validatory improvements, start by identifying your problem habit and its underlying cause.Step 2 Replace itOnce youve identify your habit and its trigger, find something positive to take its place. If you eat to wind down after a keen-sighted day of work, replace food with a walk or yoga. If you bite your nails, try chewing gum. If you smoke to relieve stress, try meditation.Step 3 Keep the commitmentOnce youve decided to break your habit and replace it with something positive, write it down. Keeping a journal of your progress can hold you accountable term serving as a great progress marker. If youre trulycommitted to making your natural positive habits stick, complete your new habit daily for 30 days. The more consistent you are, the easier it will be to continue.Step 4 Be prepared for hiccupsThrough this process, its important to remember that habits are habits for a reason they serve a purpose and our mind is trained to complet e them with little to no effort. Be kind to yourself and be patient all of your attempts to change habits will not be successful immediately. persuade bumps along the way but continue to push through. When in doubt, think positively. If you are at wits end and the only thought in your head is I cant do this, make it a positive. I cant do this, but it will get easier.

Mintzberg’s 10 Managerial Roles Essay Example for Free

Mintzbergs 10 Managerial Roles EssayThis chart summarizes a jitneys ten roles Mintzbergs Managerial Roles mob Role Activity Examples Informational Monitor Seek and acquire work-related Scan/read trade press, periodicals, information field of studys wait seminars and training maintain personal contacts Disseminator Communicate/ disseminate information Send memos and reports inform staffers and to others at bottom the organization subordinates of decisions Spokesperson Communicate/transmit information to Pass on memos, reports and informational outsiders materials participate in conferences/meetings and report progress Interpersonal Figurehead Perform social and jural duties, act Greet visitors, sign legal documents, attend as symbolic leader ribbon cutting ceremonies, host receptions, etc. Leader mastermind and motivate subordinates, Includes almost all interactions with select and train employees subord inates Liaison Establish and maintain contacts within bloodline correspondence, participation in and outside the organization meetings with representatives of other divisions or organizations. Decisional Entrepreneur Identify new ideas and bulge Implement innovations Plan for the future improvement projects Disturbance Handler Deals with disputes or problems and Settle conflicts between subordinates takes corrective action Choose strategic alternatives Overcome crisis situations Resource Allocator Decide where to apply resources Draft and revere of plans, schedules, budgets Set priorities Negotiator Defends business interests Participates in and directs negotiations within team, department, and organization In the real world, these roles overlap and a manager must learn to balance them in order to manage effectively. While a managers work can be analyzed by these individual roles, in practice they ar intermixed and interdependent. According to Mintzberg The manager who only communicates or only conceives never gets anything done, while the manager who only does ends up doing it all alone.

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Research Designs Essay Example for Free

Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Research Designs EssayThe experimental research design is one(a) of the most reliable quantitative designs available. Basically, it requires that the researcher conduct an actual experiment in order to evince the research hypothesis. Similar yet fundamentally different from the experimental design is the quasi-experimental design. his paper discusses the procedure in conducting an experimental design research and differentiates it from a quasi-experimental research design. Examples of each are given to facilitate besides comparison and contrast. The first step in conducting an experimental research design is to identify the in subordinate and dependent covariants. According to random Houses dictionary of statistical terminologies, the dependent variable is the event canvass and expected to change when the independent variable is changed. (Random House, 2001, p. 534). In Butler and Lijinsky (2005) which is an example of experimental resear ch, the independent variable was the type of rat while the dependent variable was the toxicity level. This meant that the research seeks to verify whether different types of rats would get hold of different acute toxicity levels. After the identification of the independent and dependent variables, the next step is to promiscuously select a sample for the experiment.To randomly select a sample means to make authoritative that all of the members of the population have an equal chance of being selected (Corder Foreman, 2009). For example, when seeking to study a shallow population as is the case in of Stevens Slavin (1995), random sampling is conducted by placing all of the possible respondents in a list and selecting from that list randomly. In this way, each student has an equal opportunity to be selected for the study. Lastly, erstwhile the experiment is conducted, a secure atmosphere is generated wherein the effect of other factors are minimized (Mertens, 1998).Going natura l covering to Butler and Lijinsky (1995), the experiment was conducted in a secure atmosphere where the only variables were the type of rat and the toxins bring forth to them. All other factors such as the food they were given, the space of their cages and so on were kept the similar for the different types of rat. In a quasi-experimental approach, an experiment is also conducted and dependent and independent variables are also selected. Measures to pull through all other variables constant are also taken. However, the defining difference between the tow is that quasi-experimental designs do non conduct random sampling (Mertens, 1998).For example, the quasi-experimental research conducted by Dutton (1986) simply a sample from those that were available. This is not random sampling and therefore the design cannot be considered as experimental but it does fit the quasi-experimental description. In conclusion, it is clear that while experimental and quasi-experimental research desig ns are similar, they do have an essential difference.ReferencesButler, A, and Lijinsky, W. (2005). Acute toxicity of aflatoxin G1 to the rat Journal of Pathology, 102 (4), 209-212. Corder, G. , Foreman, G. (2009). Nonparametric Statistics for Non-Statisticians A Step-by-Step Approach. Wiley. Dutton, D. (1986). The Outcome of Court-Mandated Treatment for Wife Assault A Quasi-Experimental Evaluation. Violence and Victims, 1(3) 163-175 Mertens, D. (1998). Research methods in education and psychology Integrating diversity with quantitative qualitative. Sage. Random House. (2001). Random House Websters Unabridged Dictionary. Random House, Inc. Stevens, R. , and Slavin, R. (1995). Effects of a Cooperative Learning Approach in interpretation and Writing on Academically Handicapped and Nonhandicapped Students. The University of Chicago Press.

Jaws Essay Example for Free

Jaws EssayParagraph 1 entry What is the film called Jaws Who directed it Steven Speilbeig What is it about It is about a shark attack Where is it, when is it set Amity Island new-sprung(prenominal) England, 4th July Why is it set 4th July It is set on the 4th of July because on that date some Americans gather around and spend time with their famlies and go out to the beach will close whence families cant go to the beach.Paragraph 2 Music cast how the shark is connected to the music in the title sequence You can almost visualize the deadly shark coming impendent and closer as you hear the drum beating in the background purportting faster and faster, louder and louder beating equivalent a steadily-rising heart rate ready to attack his prey. Give two other examples of how the music or silence is used to scare the audience or build tension When the loud music plays it enchant exciting, but before the music start to being fast and loud its very low fashioning it not as exci ting but tension building, so the tension and excitment is good, and as it builds up get faster and faster the audience knows that something is going to happen gives it a dramtic effect.Paragraph 3 Camera techniques Describe the second attack in detail and say how the camera was used to help build up tension and scare the audienceThe second attack is when all the children are playing on the sea whilst there parents watch, sunbathing, on the beach and Brody is doing his job sat looking out for anything suspicious because of the previous attack. The shark then attacks the young boy. The camera angles build up tension because it goes beneath the water and makes it seem standardised its from the sharks point of view and when it was attacking it went from a distance so you could see all the peoples faces and just how on the nose he was attacked.

Teacher As A Resource For Students Essay Example for Free

Teacher As A Resource For Students EssayThe boy came from The Dominican Republic and did not speak English. This proved to be a problem not just for the young student entirely his instructor, classmates, and school as well. How would he learn, cope and thrive is his new environment? How would his new surrounding dish him adjust? These were the questions that, after a few interventions, were resolved successfully.The intervention began when an adjutant stork was appointed to help the boy by serving as his translator. It helped for a while until lessons were starting to get progress. To facilitate learning, I provided accessory books for the boys teacher to equip her in helping the student. Concurrently, the student was given worksheets. With his aide and teacher by his side, the boy started adjusting to his new environment and was learning. He could speak little English and was able to interact with other children.This is a perfect example of what successful teaching is. Su ccessful teaching is a partnership of personal and interpersonal skills and personal and professional commitment (Day, 1999). They act as resources for students. They are the agents of transferring knowledge, skills and values. In this case, employing an aide was a way of capturing and transferring knowledge.Doing one-on-one with the child was also advantageous for it broke the barrier of transmitting information. The aide, in her own way, became an important resource for the student. The teacher also acted as a vital resource. A teachers task is to teach but in this case, the teacher also had to learn. She was willing to learn to be able to teach. That is a marking of successful teaching, if a teacher can be a candid source for a holistic development of a student.Continued one-on-one guidance with the boy should be encouraged until the boy has completely managed on his own. It is also favorable to continue exposing the boy to his new environment, allowing him to merge with other s and explore. Field trips and activities that foster cooperation may help.

Product Life Cycle Stages Essay Example for Free

Product bearing roulette wheel gives EssayAs consumers, we buy millions of products e very(prenominal) year. And just like us, these products apply a bread and butter cycle. Older, long-established products eventually become less popular, while in contrast, the demand for impudent, more(prenominal) modern goods usually increases preferably rapidly after they are launched. Because most companies understand the different product life cycle stages, and that the products they transmit all have a limited lifespan, the majority of them will rank heavily in young product development in order to make sure that their businesses continue to grow. Product Life rhythm method spots ExplainedThe product life cycle has 4 very clearly defined stages, each with its own characteristics that hatch different things for business that are trying to manage the life cycle of their particular products. Introduction Stage This stage of the cycle could be the most expensive for a company lau nching a new product. The size of the market for the product is small, which means sales are low, although they will be increasing. On the other hand, the cost of things like research and development, consumer testing, and the marketing needed to launch the product can be very high, especially if its a competitive sector. Growth Stage The growth stage is typically characterized by a strong growth in sales and turn a profits, and because the company can start to benefit from economies of outmatch in production, the profit margins, as well as the overall amount of profit, will increase.This makes it possible for businesses to invest more money in the promotional activity to maximize the potential of this growth stage. Maturity Stage During the maturity stage, the product is established and the aim for the manufacturer is now to maintain the market share they have built up. This is probably the most competitive time for most products and businesses need to invest wisely in any mar keting they undertake. They in any case need to consider any product modifications or improvements to the production adjoin which might give them a competitive advantage.Decline Stage Eventually, the market for a product will start to shrink, and this is whats known as the decline stage. This shrinkage could be due to the market suitable saturated (i.e. all the customers who will buy the product have already purchased it), or because the consumers are turn to a different type of product. While this decline may be inevitable, it may still be possible for companies tomake some profit by switching to less-expensive production methods and cheaper markets.Product Life Cycle ExamplesIts possible to provide examples of various products to illustrate the different stages of the product life cycle more clearly. Here is the example of watching recorded television and the various stages of each method1. Introduction 3D TVs2. Growth Blueray discs/DVR3. Maturity DVD4. Decline Video cass etteThe idea of the product life cycle has been roughly for some time, and it is an important principle manufacturers need to understand in order to make a profit and stay in business. However, the key to successful manufacturing is not just understanding this life cycle, but also proactively managing products throughout their lifetime, applying the appropriate resources and sales and marketing strategies, depending on what stage products are at in the cycle.

Academic Motivation, Resilience and the At-Risk Student

Academic motivating, Resilience and the At-Risk StudentIntroductionThe topic of investigation was academician resilience and pauperism and how it relates to the at-risk student. Motivation and resilience be two key factors students need in value to achieve academic success. Students with motivation and resilience perform well in check and have a developed finger of self-efficacy. Successful students can see the connection between school and future goals, and atomic number 18 much than in all likelihood to perform tasks even when they become difficult (Berger, 2013). This is characterized as resilience. These students are able to achieve academically and result most likely hold come in to graduation. Students who are not succeeding academically have a high potential of failing or dropping out of school (Donnelly, 1987). These students are considered at-risk. Characteristics of the at-risk student include emit academic achievement, low self-esteem, males, minority, an d low socioeconomic status (Donnelly, 1987).How does family background affect the at-risk student? According to Donnelly, Students who are both low income and minority status are at a higher risk of failing their parents may have low educational backgrounds and may not have high educational expectations for their children (Donnelly, 1987). Berger states, at-risk students are more likely to experience behavior issues, lower flowance rates, poor grades, lack direction, and fail to use self-regulation strategies (Berger, 2013). If students are engaged in school are they less likely to drop-out? Berger (2013) suggested when students are engaged in school and have positive connections they may be able to overcome many of the barriers that exist in order to achieve success while in school and persist until graduation.How does motivation and resilience effect graduation rates? While much work has been done to improve graduation rates over the recent eight years, resilience and motivatio n are two essential characteristics students need in order to persist in school academically. When students experience positive interactions with teachers and other adults, motivation and engagement exit increase (Berger, 2013). Students postulate to see the connection between the task and how it connects to their future. Students need to feel supported in order to be successful positive connections with parents and teachers are imperative in order for students to succeed. pedagogy of the ProblemAt-Risk students are more likely to fail and drop-out of school because they lack motivation and resilience academically. When students leave school before end requirements, the consequences are dire. Students who leave school early are often left with little options later in life. They more likely to experience lower wages in life, and are less likely to attend college. Should the at-risk student attend college, they are much less likely to complete school compared to their peers, who ar e 83% more likely to finish (Berger, 2013).When are students mostly likely to fail? According to Finn and Rock (1997), canvass early behavior and academic patterns one may be able predict academic success in later years. Reaching students early is important when confronting barriers. Forming positive connections with caring adults is also necessary for students to fig resilience and motivation. The purpose of this study is to investigate counselor intervention programs and the effect of motivation and resilience in at-risk 9th grade students. At-risk is defined as students who are under-achieving academically, have lower attendance rates and who have undergo behavior issues. Will students who have positive attachments to teachers or counselors perform better than students who do not?Statement of the HypothesisPrior research has shown that positive school experiences and encouraging relationships at school have had a positive effect on at-risk students engagement and motivation (S cheel et al., 2009). Therefore, it is hypothesized if at-risk students are involved in a counselling intervention program then there will be an increase in academic achievement, students will experience less behavior problems, and students will experience an increase of motivation academically.ReferencesBerger C 2013 Bring out teh Brilliance A Counseling interference for Underachieving Students.Berger, C. (2013). Bring out the Brilliance A Counseling Intervention for Underachieving Students. Professional School Counseling, 17(1), 86-89. 201703241158141438499809Donnelly M At-Risk Students. ERIC Digest Supplemental material.20170325140827109581351Donnelly M 1987 At-Risk Students.Donnelly, M. (1987). At-Risk Students. ERIC Digest, 21. Retrieved March 25, 2017, from https//www.ericdigests.org/pre-928/risk.htm 20170325141053517867326Finn J D Rock D A 1997 Academic Success Among Students At-Risk for School Failure.Finn, J. D., Rock, D. A. (1997). Academic Success among Students At-Risk for School Failure. The American Psychological Association, 82(2), 221-234. 201703241224041284194231Scheel M Madabhushi S Backhaus A 2009 Academic Motivation of At-Risk Students in a Counseling Prevention Program.Scheel, M., Madabhushi, S., Backhaus, A. (2009). The Academic Motivation of At-Risk Students in a Counseling Prevention Program. The Counseling Psychologist, 37(8), 1147-1178. 20170324122636560129761

SWOT Analysis Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

SWOT Analysis Indian pharmaceutic IndustryStrengths1. India is regarded as having an edge everyplace China in terms of qualified, English-speaking manpower and average protection of intellectual airscrew rights back up by well-developed judicial system. (Appendix IV gives more information on IPR status in India).2. India has skil conduct scientists/technicians/ guidance personnel at affordable address leading to unhopeful toll of innovation/ manufacturing/capex costs/ phthisis to run cGMP compliance facilities and in high spirits quality documentation and process understanding.3. The country has well developed chemistry, R D and manufacturing infrastructure with proven track record in advanced chemistry capabilities, design of high tech manufacturing facilities and restrictive compliance.4. The healthy domestic commercialize with rising per capita expenditure is a nonher signifi croupt lastingness enabling achievement of economies of scale. The country also has a strong marketing distri merelyion ne dickensrk.5. India is considered a delectable destination for off shoring of data management functions for clinical trials and also imputable to its rich biodiversity and persuasiveness in Chemistry which be essential for drug discovery.6. The country has signifi usher outt ability to circumvent API Patents. India has filed a number of non-infringing process patents. The country has a recent success track record in circumventing prep patents. Proven Legal skills to evaluate IP and commercial strategies atomic number 18 available at least in select top companies.7. The present domestic regulatory surroundings though in need of get ahead improvement has been conducive to the increment of an emerging pharmaceutic exertion.Weaknesses1. Low investments in innovative RD continue to be a major weakness of Indian pharmaceutic manufacturing.2. Diff apply nature of the Indian pharmaceutic attention means that however about 20 to 30 companies ar e xpectant enough to bear the proceedings costs associated with sustained exports to and compliance with entry regulations of the developed markets.3. Majority of companies lack the ability to compete with MNCs for refreshing Drug Discovery, Research and commercialization of molecules on a worldwide floor due to lack of resources.4. rein pressd linkages between manufacturing and academia which are essential for egression of the industry is lacking in India.5. comparatively small domestic market size due to low medical and health care expenditure in the country.6. The country has at times shown inadequate regulatory framework or compliance and enforcement government, reflected in occurrences much(prenominal) a production of spurious or low quality drugs.7. Competency in API/Formulation, intellectual property creation, facility design and maintenance, global regulatory affairs, legal intricacies, and managing supranational work force is limited to a few players among the big pl ayers.8. Rapidly change magnitude costs of skilled manpower such as scientists/ regulatory compliance personnel / pharmaceutical lawyers/ international business development personnel is pushing up the cost of innovation. Ability to evaluate announcements/alliances etc., is available only in top companies. Significant lacuna in this line of business exists and companies are falling into traps created by the competitors. Institutionalisation of learning in the following areas is restrictedRegulatory affairs noesis for antithetic countries and continentsProcess and product patents procedures knowledge for different countries and continents.9. Sales and marketing knowledge is inadequate due to lack of understanding of international pharmaceutical companyceutical marketing/ set practices and market environment in miscellaneous countries.10. miserable manufacturing practices in comparison to those accepted in developed world such as mixed bag of API source, convert of manufactur ing locations, equipment etc, with out proven stability/ bioequivalence whitethorn be creating inadequate technical work force for exports. The national drug regulatory system though evolved substantially, has been in the need of strengthening its manpower and systems requirements.11. Inadequate emphasis on Biosciences in education system leading to slower development in areas related to to Biology giving away advantage to China.OpportunitiesIndia is faced with significant export opportunities, such asi. US$40 billion worth of drugs in the U.S.A and US$25 billion worth of drugs in europium are expected to go off patent soon. Assocham estimates that Indian manufacturers may capture 30 percent of that market. This translates to an opportunity of US$19.5bn which is significant considering the countrys current exports of approx. US$7.25bn. However the figures need to be appropriately deflated since Indian opportunity will lie in generics equivalent of branded or patented drugs, whic h would be cheaper.ii. Generic launches by Indian manufacturers befool increase in the United States from 93 in 2003 to 250 by 2008.iii. Compulsory licensing provisions conductd in the Doha Round, allows for countries to import cheaper generic versions of patented drugs in the interests of public health. Thailand and southernmost Africa gestate already started such initiatives from which Indian firms have benefited.2. Due to the cost advantage in contract manufacturing Research multi-national companies find it have to shift their production bases to countries offering such cost advantage. Typical of the industry which requires approval of manufacturing facilities by various drug regulatory agencies of the world involving a very high cost, one time such business finds base in India it would continue with it for at least one half to two decades.3. Licensing deals with MNCs for NCEs (New Chemical Entities) and NDDS (New Drug Delivery Systems) offer parvenu opportunities for In dian manufacturers.4. Marketing alliances for MNC products in domestic and international market is another emerging opportunity.5. Contract manufacturing arrangements with MNCs is estimated at 10% of patented markets estimated at US$450bn which is approx. US$45bn.6. India has a very high say-so for developing as a centre for international clinical trials due to its rich diversity.7. India can vex a niche player in global pharmaceutical RD and possibilities exist for expansion of biotechnology generics (also known as bio-similars) and biopharmaceuticals.8. There is a possibility of greater returns from an Indian entry into mature and more remunerative markets equal Brazil, Japan, CIS, Russia, etc.9. The Work Programme for the European Medicines means 2007 identifies greater co-operation with India especially in the field of traditional and herbal medicines and remedies. Emerging preference for traditional medicines and herbs in the developed markets including lifestyle products and food supplements also presents an opportunity for the country in traditional medicinal systems herb tea based products.10. A rise in life expectancy generally, and increase in the population of the old, curiously in the developed world is ca utilize higher expenditure from respective national health cyphers compelling them to move to cheaper APIs and formulations which are Indias forte.11. Unleashing of a plethora of preferential trading arrangements, both bilateral and regional, offers opportunities for India to negotiate preferential access to dampner markets for Indian pharmaceuticals in the long term and in a sustainable manner.Threats1. Product patent regime poses serious challenge to domestic industry unless it invests in research and development.2. RD drivings of Indian pharmaceutical companies are hampered by lack of enabling regulatory requirement.3. Drug Price Control beau monde puts unrealistic ceilings on product worths and profitability.4. Export effort is h ampered by procedural hurdles in India as well as non-tariff barriers trimd abroad. For examplei. Indian manufacturers are pr even soted from bidding for government contracts as US permits bidders only from countries that are signatories to WTO Agreement on presidential term Procurement.ii. Indian manufacturers have to submit separate take level applications for marketing drugs in the United States as on that point is no nation-wide system of application even where FDA approval has been received.5. Lowering of tariff protection has increased disputation in domestic markets resulting in corroding of profitability.6. Mergers and acquisitions by foreign companies particularly multinational corporations of afew Indian generic leaders may completely change the direction of Indias pharmaceutical movement neutralising its thrust on generics and cost competitiveness.7. The generics market in developed countries may be affected by a number of factorsi. The release of authorized generic s by major drug manufacturers.ii. New mid-sized players, establishing themselves in the generics market.iii. Increased competition due to newer Chinese and East European manufacturers. (E.g. there has been spacious state level investment by China in the biotechnology sector though at present India still has the edge due to IP laws.)iv. TAs entered into by the United States of America with third countries (e.g. the Morocco-U.S.A FTA) may be harmful to Indian pharmaceutical exports because of provisions for increases in patent terms, etc. The United States enters into a number of FTAs with different countries and while the exact text of these agreements differ from country to country, each of these agreements contains provisions which can be damaging to Indian exporters of pharmaceuticals partly also because of their provisions on patents. These FTAs contain a large number of provisions which increase patent terms for pharmaceuticals by allowing for patentability of new uses of disc overed inventions and by increasing patent terms by taking into account the time taken to process claims (evergreening). These provisions go beyond TRIPS and hence it may not be possible to challenge these under the WTO Dispute result process. However, the compatibility of these provisions with Article XXIV of the GATT needs to be examined.8. Specific non-tariff and para-tariff barriers being increasingly adopted by other countries such as long transaction time taken for registration of drugs, insistence on completing long process for registration when the drug may actually have gone finished the most rigorous process of registration such as the USFDA insistence on allowing imports of only those drugs which are registered in more or less developed countries, etc.PORTERS FIVE FORCES MODEL(a) INDUSTRY COMPETITIONThe Indian Pharmaceutical Industry is highly abrupt with around 250-300 manufacturing and formulation units in organized sector which contribute to only 70% of the market share of the total sales in the country. The concentration ratio (proportion of total industry output by the largest firm in the industry) for the industry is very low. as well as government subsidies have led to the proliferation of some(prenominal) small players. Since the Product Patents were not valid in the country till 2005, the differentiation in the product is very low. The key driver in this industry is the cost-competitiveness. After 2005, major MNCs like Pfizer GSK started introducing newer products in the market thereby increasing competition in the industry.Many small players that are focused on a particular region have a better hand on the statistical distribution channel, reservation it easier to succeed, albeit in a limited way.An important fact is that, pharmaceutical is a stable market and its growth rate generally tracks the economic growth of the country with some multiple (1.2 times average in India). Though volume growth has been consistent over a period of time value growth has not followed in tandem.Earlier it was easy for Indian pharmaceutical companies to imitate pharmaceutical products discovered by MNCs at a lower cost and make good profit. But today the scene is different with the arrival of the patent regime 2005 which has forced Indian companies to rethink its strategies and to invest more on RD. Also contract research has assumed more importance now.(b) BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERSThe unique feature of pharmaceutical industry is that the end user of the product is different from the act uponr (read desex). The consumer has no choice but to buy what doctor says. However, when we look at the buyers power, we look at the influence they have on the prices of the product. In pharmaceutical industry, the buyers are scattered and they as such do not wield much power in the set of the products. Due to the extremely fragmented nature of industry government policies like DPCO ( Drug Price fix Control), 1970 under which the power to control prices is with the NPPA ( National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority) the low power of buyers does not have much effect on the manufacturers. Except in generic OTC medicines, the buyer does not unremarkably switch medicines.(c) BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERSThe pharmaceutical industry depends upon several organic chemicals. The chemical industry is once again very competitive and fragmented. The chemicals used in the pharmaceutical industry are largely a commodity. The suppliers have very low bargaining power and the companies in the pharmaceutical industry can switch from their suppliers without incur a very high cost. However, what can happen is that the supplier can go for forward integrating to become a pharmaceutical follow. Companies like Orchid Chemicals and Sashun Chemicals were basically chemical companies who turned themselves into pharmaceutical companies. The fragmented nature of the organic chemicals industry prevents it from having much bargaining power ove r the manufacturers as the switching cost is low for the manufacturers.(d) BARRIERS TO ENTRYThreat of new entrants in the Indian Pharmaceutical sector during pre-2005 era used to be low as the capital requirement for the industry used to be very low from 1970s till 2005 because of the absence of product patents and heavy dependence on reverse engineering or Process Patent phenomenon but post 2005 it has become a huge burden on the part of new entrants to establish Manufacturing facilities of International Regulatory standards to tap the potential of generic exports and domestic consumption assume . That major barriers to entry are The presence of economies of scale in manufacturing, RD, marketing, sales etc capital requirement financial requirements. The existing companies have advantage in terms of costs involved in launching new drugs formulations. The new companies would find it difficult to achieve this.Differentiation of products from the existing products in the market c reating brand cognisance in the minds of doctors pharmacists. New entrants will face difficulties in gaining trust of doctors/patients and they also need to develop effective distribution channels preferred arrangements with doctors/pharmacists.Regulatory policies including patents, regulatory standards. The Indian Patent Act, 1970 recognized process but not product patents. The introduction of Product Patent 2005 of TRIPS part of WTO agreement has led to huge barriers for potential entrants. But to be noted it is un credibly to discourage new entrants, as market for generics will be huge in the near future as the demand for generics by all the developed economies has increased by leaps and bounds as their governments are drawing images to effectively manage the health expenditure budget by switching from branded drugs to generic versions.(e)THREAT OF SUBSTITUTESThis is one of the great advantages of the pharmaceutical industry. Whatever happens, demand for pharmaceutical produc ts continues and the industry thrives. One of the key reasons for high competitiveness in the industry is that as an ongoing concern, pharmaceutical industry seems to have an infinite future. However, in recent times the advances made in the field of biotechnology, can prove to be a threat to the synthetic pharmaceutical industry. Also in developing countries like India, the traditional medicines also play a major substituting role.CONCLUSIONThis model gives a fair idea about the industry in which a company operates and the various external forces that influence it. These quin forces of competition interact to determine the characteristics and the attractiveness of an industry. The strongest forces become dominant in determining profitability and become the focal points of strategy formulation. However, it must be noted that any industry is not static in nature. Its dynamic and over a period of time the model, which we have used to analyse the pharmaceutical industry may itself evo lve.Going forward, we foresee increasing competition in the industry but the form of competition will be different. It will be between large players (with economies of scale) and it may be possible that some kind of oligopoly or cartels come into play. This is owing to the fact that the industry will move towards consolidation. The larger players in the industry will survive with their proprietary products and strong franchisee.In the Indian context, companies like Cipla, Ranbaxy and Dr.Reddys are likely to be key players. Smaller fringe players, who have no differentiating strengths, are likely to either be acquired or cease to exist.The barriers to entry will increase going forward. The change in the patent regime has made sure that new proprietary products come up making imitation difficult. The players with huge substance will be able to influence substantial power on the fringe players by their truculent pricing thereby creating hindrance for the smaller players. Economies of scale will play an important part too. as well government will have a bigger role to play.PEST ANALYSISTo understand the implications of the environment on any industry it is imperative to study the four cardinal influencers on the industry namely Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors. It is rather unfortunate that in India these factors have a rather disproportionate influence on the functioning of a commercial organization. From the days of independence the business environment has been overly adjust by a handful of bureaucrats, middlemen, businessmen and politicians. Its only a decade since the country has seen an emergence of a semipolitical thought that hikes free enterprise. A welcome change indeed(P)olitical Factors1. Today there is political uncertainty in the air. A combination of diverse political thought have got together to cobblestone together a rag-tag coalition, that is riddle with ideological contradictions. Therefore, any consistent political o r economic indemnity can not be expected. This muddies the investment field.2. The Minister in charge of the industry has been threatening to impose even more stringent Price Control on the industry than before. This is throwing many an investment plan into the doldrums.3. DPCO which is the bible for the industry has in effect worked contrary to the stated objectives. DPCO nullifies the market forces from encouraging competitive pricing of goods dictated by the market. Now the pricing is determined by the Government based on the okay costs irrespective of the real costs.4. Effective January, 2005 the country goes in for the IPR (Intellectual Property Rights) regime, popularly known as the Patent Act. This Act will impact the Pharmaceutical Industry the most. Thus far an Indian company could escape paying a patent fee to the inventor of a drug by manufacturing it using a different chemical route. Indian companies exploited this law and used the reverse-engineering route to invent a lot of alternate manufacturing methods. A lot of money was saved this way. This also encouraged competing company to market their versions of the same drug. That meant that the impurities and trace elements found in different brands of the same substance were different both in qualification as well as in quantum.Therefore different brands of the same medicine were sincerely yours different. Here Branding actually meant quality and a purer brand actually had purer active ingredient and lesser or less toxic impurities.Product patent regime will eliminate all this. Now, a patented drug would be manufacture using the same chemical route and would be manufactured by the inventor or his licentiates using the chemicals with same specifications. Therefore, all the brands of the same active ingredient would not have any difference in purity and impurities. The different brands would have to compete on the radical of non input-related innovations such as packaging, color, flavors, Excipien ts etc.This is the biggest change the environment is going to impose on the industry. The marketing effort would be now focused on logistics, communications, economy of operation, extra-ingredient innovations and of blood line pricing.5. In Pharma industry there is a huge PSU segment which is chronically sick and highly inefficient. The Government puts the surpluses generated by efficient units into the price equalization account of inefficient units thereby unduly subsidizing them. On a long term basis this has made practically everybody inefficient.6. Effective the January, 2005 the Government has shifted from charging the Excise Duty on the cost of manufacturing to the MRP thereby making the finished products more costly. Just for a few extra bucks the current government has made many a life saving drugs unaffordable to the poor.7. The Government provides extra drawbacks to some units located in specified area, providing them with subsidies that are unfair to the rest of the ind ustry, bringing in a skewed development of the industry. As a results Pharma units have come up at place unsuitable for a best cost manufacturing activity.(E)conomic Factors1. India spends a very small proportion of its GDP on healthcare ( A mere 1% ). This has scrawny the demand and therefore the growth of the industry.2. Per capita income of an average Indian is low ( Rs. 12,890 ), therefore, spending on the healthcare takes a low priority. An Indian would visit a doctor only when there is an emergency. This has led to a mushrooming of straight-out doctors and spread of non-standardized medication.3. The incidence of Taxes are very high. There is Excise Duty ( State Central), Custom Duty, assistant Tax, Profession Tax, License Fees, Royalty, Pollution Clearance Tax, Hazardous substance (Storage Handling) license, income tax, Stamp Duty and a legion of other levies and charges to be paid. On an average it amounts to no less than 40-45% of the costs.4. The number of Registered Medical practitioners is low. As a result the reach of Pharmaceuticals is affected adversely.5. There are only 50,00,000 Medical shops. Again this affects adversely the distribution of medicines and also adds to the distribution costs.6. India is a high interest rate regime. Therefore the cost of funds is mental image that in America. This adds to the cost of goods.7. Adequate storage and transportation facilities for special drugs is lacking. A study had indicated that nearly 60% of the Retail Chemists do not have adequate refrigeration facilities and store drugs under sub-optimal conditions. This affects the quality of the drugs administered and of course adds to the costs.8. India has poor roads and rail network. Therefore, the transportation time is higher. This calls for higher inventory carrying costs and longer actors line time. All this adds to the invisible costs. Its only during the last couple of years that good quality highways have been constructed.(S)ocio-cultural Fa ctors1. pauperization and associated malnutrition dramatically exacerbate the incidence of Malaria and TB, preventable diseases that continue to play havoc in India decades after they were eradicated in other countries.2. Poor Sanitation and polluted water sources prematurely end the life of about 1 million children under the age of five every year.3. In India people prefer using base treatments handed down for generations for common ailments.4. The use of magic/tantrics/ozhas/hakims is prevalent in India.5. Increasing pollution is adding to the healthcare problem.6. Smoking, gutka, drinking and poor oral hygiene is adding to the healthcare problem.7. Large joint families transmit communicable diseases amongst the members.8. Cattle-rearing encourage diseases communicated by animals.9. Early child bearing affects the health standards of women and children.10. Ignorance of inoculation and vaccination has prevented the eradication of diseases like polio, chicken-pox, small-pox, epid emic parotitis and measles.11. People dont go in for vaccination due superstitious beliefs and any sort of ailment is considered as a curse from God for sins committed.(T)echnological Factors1. Advanced automated machines have increased the output and reduced the cost.2. cybernation has increased the efficiency of the Pharma Industry.3. Newer medication, molecules and active ingredients are being discovered. As of January 2005, the Government of India has more than 10,000 substances for patenting.4. Ayurveda is a well recognized science and it is providing the industry with a cutting edge.5. Advances in Bio-technology, Stem-cell research have given India a step forward.6. Humano-Insulin, Hepatitis B vaccines, AIDS drugs and many such molecules have given the industry a pioneering status.7. Newer drug delivery systems are the innovations of the day.8. The huge unemployment in India prevents industries from going fully automatic as the Government as well as the Labor Unions voice com plains against such establishments.